道德规则认知对幼儿内疚的影响研究

Research on the Influence of Children's Cognition of Moral Rules on Their Guilt

内疚作为一种需要自我表征、自我评价参与的道德情绪,与个体道德规则认知关系密切。本研究选取90名幼儿作为被试,采用故事访谈法和问卷法分别测量其道德规则认知和内疚发展情况,揭示道德规则认知对其内疚的影响。研究结果表明:幼儿道德规则认知在年龄和性别上均存在显著差异,道德规则认知水平随着年龄的增长而提高,女孩的水平显著高于男孩;幼儿内疚的年龄差异显著,其内疚发展水平随着年龄的增长而提高;道德规则认知对幼儿内疚具有显著影响,幼儿的道德规则认知水平越高,其内疚发展水平越高。建议教育者正确理解幼儿的内疚情绪,及时引导幼儿调节消极情绪,采取合适的教育方式发展幼儿的道德规则认知。

Guilt,a kind of moral emotion that needs individual self representation and self-evaluation,is closely related to thecognitive level of moral rules.In this study,90 children were selectld as the subjects and questionnaire and story interview wereused to measure the development level of children's guilt and moral rule cognition in order to reveal the impact of moral rulecognition on their guilt.The results show that:children's moral rule cognition has a significant dference in the age and gender;level of moral rule cognition increases with age;girls’moral rule cognition level is significantly higher than boys;the age ofchildren guilt has significant difference;the development level of guilt increases with age;moral rule cognition has significantimpact on children guilt,the higher the level of children's moral rule cognition is,the higher the level of guilt development is.ltis suggested that educators should understand correctly children's guilt emotion,guide children to release their negative emotionon time,and use appropriate education approach to develop children's moral rule cognition.