2015年至2019年佳木斯市儿童流感病原学监测结果分析

Analysis of etiological surveillance results of influenza in children in Kiamusze city from 2015 to 2019

目的分析2015年至2019年佳木斯市儿童流行性感冒(流感)样病例病原学特征,为佳木斯市儿童流感的防控提供科学依据。方法选取本中心2015年4月1日至2019年3月31日采用实时荧光定量PCR法检测流感样病例样本3265份,进行流感病毒核酸检测。结果2015年至2019年佳木斯市儿童甲型流感病毒阳性率比较,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=45.055,P<0.05);各年度间乙型流感病毒的阳性率比较,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=92.955,P<0.05);2016年至2017年甲型流感病毒阳性率最高13.71%(129/941),2015年至2016年乙型流感病毒阳性率最高8.31%(67/806);阳性分布集中在每年10月至次年3月;甲型H1N1、H3N2和乙型BY、BV均有流行;年龄分布以0~3岁年龄组阳性率最高14.54%(138/949),流行型别以甲型流感为主,各年度男性阳性率为12.30%(217/1764),女性阳性率为13.26%(199/1501),男女阳性率之间比较差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=0.667,P>0.05)。结论2015年至2019年佳木斯市儿童流感甲乙两型均有流行,除2015年至2016年度乙型流感病毒为优势株外,其他年度优势株均为甲型流感病毒;流行季节在冬春季,重点关注婴幼儿流感的发病情况。

Objective To analyze the etiological characteristics of influenza like illness(ILI)in children in Kiamusze city from 2015 to 2019,so as to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of influenza in children in Kiamusze city.Method Real time fluorescent quantitative PCR(RT-PCR)was used to detect influenza virus nucleic acid in 3265 samples of ILI in our center from April 1,2015 to March 31,2019.Results There was a statistically significant difference in the positive rate of influenza A virus among children in Kiamusze city from 2015 to 2019(χ^(2)=45.055,Ρ<0.05);therewas a statistically significant difference in the positive rate of influenza B virus(χ^(2)=92.955,P<0.05).The highest positive rate of influenza A virus was 13.71%(129/941)in 2016-2017,and the highest positive rate of influenza B virus was 8.31%(67/806)in 2015-2016,and the positive distribution was concentrated from October to March of the next year.Influenza A virus(H1N1 and H3N2)and influenza B virus(BY and BV)were all prevalent.The positive rate of the 0-3 years old group was the highest 14.54%(138/949),and influenza A was the main epidemic type.There was no statistically significant difference in the positive rate between males and females[12.30%(217/1764)vs.13.26%(199/1501)](χ^(2)=0.667,Ρ>0.05).Conclusion In 2015-2019,both influenza A and influenza B were prevalent in children in Kiamusze city,except for influenza B virus in 2015-2016,the dominant strains in other years were influenza A virus;the epidemic seasons were winter and spring,and the focus was on the incidence of infant influenza.