民用航空空乘人员工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患影响因素分析

Influencing factors of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among civil aviation flight attendants

目的分析民用航空空乘人员工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患(WMSDs)的患病现状及其影响因素。方法采用方便抽样方法,选择国内3家民用航空公司的810名空乘人员为研究对象,采用修订版《肌肉骨骼疾患问卷》调查其过去1年身体各部位WMSDs患病情况。结果研究对象WMSDs总患病率为64.4%(522/810),各部位WMSDs患病率由高到低依次为颈部(48.0%)、肩部(38.6%)、下背/腰部(26.0%)、上背/后背部(19.8%)、足部(15.1%)、膝部(14.0%)、臀/腿部(11.0%)、手/腕部(9.0%)和肘部(5.1%)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,以不舒服姿势工作和工作部门人员短缺均是罹患颈部WMSDs的危险因素(P值均<0.05),休息时间充足和自主决定何时工间休息均是其保护性因素(P值均<0.05);搬运>20 kg重物、以不舒服姿势工作和工作部门人员短缺均是罹患肩部WMSDs的危险因素(P值均<0.05);以不舒服姿势工作和每分钟做多次重复性操作均是罹患下背/腰部WMSDs的危险因素(P值均<0.05),休息时间充足是其保护性因素(P<0.05)。结论民用航空空乘人员WMSDs患病率较高,以颈部、肩部、下背/腰部较为常见;其影响因素主要为不良工效学因素和工作组织。

Objective To analyze the prevalence and influencing factors of work-related musculoskeletal disorders(WMSDs) in civil aviation flight attendants. Methods A total of 810 flight attendants from three civil aviation airlines in China were selected as research subjects using the convenient sampling method. The revised Musculoskeletal Disorders Investigating Questionnaire was used to investigate the prevalence of WMSDs in various parts of the body in the past year. Results The total prevalence of WMSDs in flight attendants in this survey was 64.4%(522/810). The prevalence of WMSDs in various parts of the body from high to low was: neck(48.0%), shoulder(38.6%), lower back/waist(26.0%), upper back(19.8%), feet(15.1%), knee(14.0%), hip and leg(11.0%), hand and wrist(9.0%) and elbow(5.1%). The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that working with an uncomfortable posture and the shortage of staff in the work sector were risk factors for neck WMSDs(all P<0.05). The protective factors were sufficient rest time and voluntary decision when to take a break during work(all P<0.05). Carrying heavy objects >20 kg, working in uncomfortable posture and shortage of staff were risk factors for shoulder WMSDs(all P<0.05). Working in uncomfortable posture and repeated an operation every minute were risk factors for lower back/waist WMSDs(all P<0.05), and sufficient rest time was its protective factor(P<0.05). Conclusion The prevalence of WMSDs in civil aviation flight attendants is high, and the neck, shoulder and ower back/waist are the most commonly affected part of the body. The main influencing factors are poor ergonomics and work organization.