秸秆还田配施腐熟剂对夏玉米生长和产量及品质的影响

Effects of returning rape straw into the field and applying straw decomposing inoculant on the growth,development,yield and quality of summer corn

为合理利用秸秆资源,减少氮肥施用量,在前作油菜秸秆全量还田下,以玉米郑单958为材料,设置2个施氮水平N1(当地常规施氮)和N2(减氮20%),并配施不同秸秆腐熟剂T0(不配施)、T1(大华酵素菌速腐剂)、T2(宁粮牌秸秆速腐剂)、T3(九业牌秸秆腐熟剂),研究不同处理对夏玉米生长、产量及品质的影响。结果表明:配施秸秆腐熟剂和减氮能缩短夏玉米生长发育周期1~4d;所有处理叶面积指数均在吐丝期达到最大值,配施秸秆腐熟剂处理的叶面积指数均高于未配施秸秆腐熟剂处理的;施氮量过高会降低夏玉米叶面积指数;配施秸秆腐熟剂对于夏玉米干物质量积累有促进作用,且N1T2处理的促进效果最为明显,完熟期达到14 342.89 kg/hm^(2);N2T3处理夏玉米产量比N1T0的提高了10.88%;配施秸秆腐熟剂有利于提高夏玉米籽粒蛋白质和游离氨基酸含量;减氮增加了夏玉米籽粒的可溶性糖含量,降低了游离氨基酸含量。

In order to make good use of the straw resources and reduce the application levels of nitrogen fertilizer,a two-factor design of nitrogen fertilizer application(conventional nitrogen application(N1),reduction 20%of nitrogen fertilizer(N2))and the application of different straw decomposing inoculants(without the application of straw decomposing inoculant(T0),"Dahua"straw decomposing inoculant(T1),"Ningliang"straw decomposing inoculant(T2),and"Jiuye"decomposing inoculant(T3))were performed to investigate the effects on the growth,yield and quality of summer corn(Zhengdan 958)under the condition that all preceding crop(rape)straw was returned to the field.The results showed that the application of straw decomposing inoculant and nitrogen fertilizer reduction could shorten the growth period of summer corn by 1-4 days.The leaf area index(LAI)was higher in treatments with straw decomposing inoculant than that of without straw decomposing inoculant,and excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer decreased the LAI.The application of straw decomposing inoculant made the dry matter accumulation of summer corn under N1 T2 treatment reach 14342.89 kg/hm^(2) in the ripening period.The highest grain yield was obtained under N2T3 treatment,10.88%higher than that of N1T0 treatment.Applying straw decomposing inoculant could increase the content of the protein and free amino acid of summer corn.Nitrogen fertilizer reduction could increase the soluble sugar content of summer corn grain,but the content of free amino acid was reduced.