父母身高对7岁以下儿童身高影响效应的研究

Effect of parental height on the height of children under 7 years old

目的分析父母身高对7岁以下儿童身高的影响效应,为个体儿童生长评估提供参考依据。方法以"2015年中国九市7岁以下儿童体格发育调查"中父母身高信息完整的161 297名儿童为分析对象,参照中国儿童身高标准计算儿童身高、父亲身高、母亲身高和父母身高中值的Z分值,采用Spearman方法分析儿童身高与父身高、母身高、父母身高中值的相关性,并按父母身高分组,比较各组儿童身高的差异。结果 1)儿童身高与父身高、母身高和父母身高中值正相关(r=0.13~0.42,P<0.05),且与父母身高中值的相关系数最高;2)按父母身高中值分为矮身材、偏矮、中等偏下、中等偏上、较高、高身材6组,各组儿童平均身高依次递增,父母矮身材组儿童身高比父母高身材组低1.9~14.7 cm,年龄越大差值越大;3)父母身高偏矮组子女身高第3百分位(P3)比中国儿童身高标准P3低0.6~4.8 cm,而父母较高身材组P3则比身高标准P3高0.6~4.7 cm;4)父母矮身材、偏矮、中等偏下、中等偏上、较高和高身材组的儿童身高Z分值与父母身高中值Z分值差值依次为1.27±0.99、0.61±0.92、0.18±0.89、-0.19±0.90、-0.61±0.93、-1.17±0.92。结论 7岁以下儿童身高与父母身高正相关;矮身材父母的子女身高明显低于高身材父母子女;矮身材父母子女身高高于家庭遗传身高;个体儿童身高评估和解释时,不可忽视父母身高的影响作用。

Objective To analyze the effect of parental height on the height of children under 7 years old, in order to provide evidence for individual growth evaluation. Methods A total of 161 297 children with completed parental height information, who were from The National Survey on Physical Growth and Development of Children Under 7 Years in The Nine Cities in 2015, were analyzed.The Z-scores of children′s height, father′s height, mother′s height, and mid-parental height were calculated.The Spearman method was used to analyze the correlation between children′s height and father′s height, mother′s height and mid-parental height.All the children were divided into 6 groups according to their mid-parental height and their differences of children′s height in each group were compared. Results 1) Children′s height was positively correlated with father′s height, mother′s height and mid-parental height(r=0.13—0.42, P<0.05), and the correlation coefficient with mid-parental height was the highest.2) According to their mid-parental height, the children were divided into six groups: short stature, slightly short stature, low-medium stature, upper-medium stature, slightly tall stature and tall stature.The average height of children in each group increased sequentially from parental short stature to parental tall stature.The children′s height in the parental short stature group was 1.9—14.7 cm lower than that in the parental tall stature group, and the differences increased with age.3) The third percentile(P3) of children′s height in the parental slightly short stature group was 0.6—4.8 cm lower than that the P3 of Chinese children′s height standards, while the P3 of children′s height in the parental slight tall stature group was 0.6—4.7 cm higher than that of the height standards.4) The average differences between the children′s height Z score and the mid-parental height Z score in the parental short stature, parental slightly short stature, parental low-medium stature, parental upper-medium stature, parental slightly tall stature and parental tall stature group were 1.27±0.99, 0.61±0.92, 0.18±0.89,-0.19±0.90,-0.61±0.93, and-1.17±0.92, respectively. Conclusions The height of children under 7 years old is positively correlated with their parental height.The height of children with parental short stature is lower than that of children with parental tall stature, and the children′s height are higher than the genetic height of the family among the children with parental short stature, which suggested that the influence of parental height should not be ignored when evaluating and explaining the height of individual children.