城镇化水平与我国居民食物消费生态足迹:变化与影响

On the Change and Effect of Urbanization on the Ecological Footprint of Residents’ Food Consumption in China

对2008—2018年全国31个省份的居民食物消费生态足迹进行分类计算,运用Tapio弹性脱钩指数模型与固定效应模型分析城镇化水平对居民食物消费生态足迹的影响效应。研究发现:居民食物消费生态足迹总体呈上升趋势,2015年肉类消费生态足迹明显上升并首次成为居民食物消费生态足迹最主要的构成类别;不同省份的居民食物消费生态足迹呈集中分布趋势且增长较快;全国总体城镇化水平与居民食物消费生态足迹处于弱脱钩状态,不同省份脱钩状态差异较大;人口城镇化对居民食物消费生态足迹存在负向影响,经济城镇化、社会城镇化对居民食物消费生态足迹均存在正向影响,空间城镇化对居民食物消费生态足迹不存在显著影响。建议从提高人口城镇化率、发挥产业集聚效应、提高土地利用率及居民环保意识等方面,促进城市经济增长、社会发展和环境的改善。

Based on calculation of the ecological footprint of food consumption of residents from 31 provinces in China from 2008 to 2018,the Tapio elastic decoupling index model and the fixed effect model are employed to analyze the effect of urbanization on the ecological footprint of food consumption. The results show that the ecological footprint of food consumption is on the rise,so is the ecological footprint of meat consumption in 2015,being the most important component category of the ecological footprint of food consumption;the ecological footprint of residents’ food consumption in different provinces shows a concentrated distribution trend and increases rapidly;the overall level of urbanization and ecological footprint of residents’ food consumption in China are in a weak decoupling state,while the decoupling state is quite different between provinces;population urbanization has a negative impact on the ecological footprint of residents’ food consumption,while economic urbanization and social urbanization have a positive impact on the ecological footprint of residents’ food consumption,while spatial urbanization has no significant impact on the ecological footprint of residents’ food consumption. It is suggested that the urban economic growth,social development and the improvement of ecological environment should be promoted by increasing the rate of population urbanization,exerting the effect of industrial agglomeration,increasing land utilization efficiency and raising the residents’ consciousness of environmental protection.