天津市居民流行性感冒认知行为和健康教育需求调查

Investigation on influenza cognitive behavior and health education needs of Tianjin residents

目的了解天津市居民流行性感冒防控知识、行为与健康教育需求情况,为制定防控干预策略和措施提供技术支持。方法 2020年6—7月,采用分层抽样的方法,先随机抽取城市、农村各1个区中的1个街道/乡(镇),再从每个街道/乡(镇)随机抽取3个社区,每个社区按照年龄、性别均等的原则抽取被调查对象,开展问卷调查,共调查637人。结果共回收问卷637份,问卷合格率100%。其中男性269人(42.2%),女性368人(57.8%)。城市居民318人(49.9%),农村居民319人(50.1%)。年龄M(P25,P75)为48(35,58)岁。天津市居民流感防控认知行为知晓率为60.4%,对于"勤洗手可以预防流感"知晓率较高(94.3%),"正确测量体温并读数"知晓率较低(35.9%)。文化程度、职业、婚姻情况、吸烟史、自觉身体状况是知晓率水平的影响因素(均P<0.05)。天津市居民最希望获取知识途径的前3位分别为"微信、微博等新媒体"(85.9%)、"电视、广播"(85.2%)和"楼宇电视、小区电子屏、小区广播"(73.6%),对"上门访视"接受度最低(58.7%)。结论天津市居民对流感的预防措施认知尚可,对于流感的病原体、传播途径认知较差,测量体温、戴口罩、保持安全距离等健康技能有待加强,文化程度低、离异、农民、企业员工及工人、吸烟者等应作为重点人群加强健康教育,通过以"微信、微博等新媒体""电视、广播"和"楼宇电视、小区电子屏、小区广播"等方式为主,其他方式为辅的多种形式相结合的健康传播模式开展健康教育工作。

Objective To understand the knowledge,behavior and health education needs of Tianjin residents for influenza prevention and control,and provide technical support for the formulation of prevention and control intervention strategies and measures.Methods From June to July 2020,the stratified sampling method was adopted to randomly select 1 street/township(town) in each of the urban and rural districts,and then 3 communities were randomly selected from each street/township(town). In each community,the respondents were selected according to the principle of equality of age and gender,and carried out a questionnaire survey. A total of 637 people were surveyed. Results A total of 637 questionnaires were returned,and the qualified rate of questionnaire was 100%. Among them,269 were males(42.2%) and 368 were females(57.8%). There were 318 urban resident(49.9%)and 319 rural residents(50.1%). The M(P25,P75) of age was 48(35,58) years. The awareness rate of influenza prevention and control behaviors among Tianjin residents was 60.4%. The awareness rate of "washing hands frequently can prevent influenza" was higher(94.3%),and the awareness rate of "correct temperature measurement and reading" was lower(35.9%). Education level,occupation,marital status,smoking history,and conscious physical condition were the influencing factors of awareness level(P<0.05). The top 3 ways that Tianjin residents most hope to obtain knowledge were WeChat,Weibo and other new media(85.9%),TV and radio(85.2%) and Building TV,community electronic screen and community broadcast(73.6%),the lowest acceptance was home visits(58.7%). Conclusion Tianjin residents have good knowledge of influenza prevention measures,but poor knowledge of influenza pathogens and transmission routes. Health skills such as measuring body temperature,wearing masks,and keeping a safe distance need to be strengthened. Low education level,divorced,farmers,enterprise employees and workers,smokers,etc. should be taken as key groups to strengthen health education. Health education work should be carried out through a combination of mul-tiple forms of health communication mode,which is based on WeChat,Weibo and other new media,TV and radio and building TV,community electronic screen,community broadcast and other methods.