基于顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱法系统分析香紫苏中的香气成分

Systematic Analysis of Aroma Components in Salvia Sclarea by HS-SPME-GC-MS

采用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱法(HS-SPME-GC-MS)系统分析了开花期和收获期种植在不同地块(中间地块、南面地块和北面地块)的香紫苏不同部位(根、花、茎、叶)中香气成分的变化。将新鲜的香紫苏全株样品自然晾干,将根、花、茎、叶分离后,各自粉碎后过筛,置于顶空瓶中进行HS-SPME处理,得到的目标物用DB-5MS毛细管色谱柱在程序升温条件下分离,在配有电子轰击离子源的质谱仪中进行检测,以保留时间和定性离子进行定性,以面积归一化法计算各香气成分的相对含量。结果显示:开花期香紫苏根、花、茎、叶中的香气成分分别有8,17,13,12种,收获期的为17,20,16,24种;开花期种植在不同地块的香紫苏根、花、茎、叶中的主要香气成分分别为醇类、酯类、醇类和烃类化合物[64.02%,68.33%,50.20%,37.13%(平均相对含量,下同)],收获期的主要香气成分均为酯类化合物(81.46%,77.80%,84.05%,68.27%),不同生长时期种植在不同地块的香紫苏根、花、茎、叶中共有香气成分分别为芳樟醇、月桂烯和芳樟醇、月桂烯及芳樟醇;邻氨基苯甲酸芳樟酯为开花期南部地块所种植香紫苏根、花和茎中的特有物质,相对含量均在50%以上;收获期的香气成分的种类较开花期的高,主要香气成分均为乙酸芳樟酯。

HS-SPME-GC-MS was used to analyze the changes of aroma components from different parts(f lower,stem,leaf and root)of Salvia sclarea planted in different plots(middle plot,south plot and north plot)during the flowering and harvest periods.The whole fresh sample of Salvia sclarea was dried naturally,and the root,flower,stem and leaf were separated.After crushing and sieving,the samples were placed in headspace bottles for HS-SPME treatment.The target compounds were separated on DB-5MS capillary column under temperature programmed conditions,and detected by MS equipped with electron impact ion source.Retention time and qualitative ions were used for qualitation,and the relative contents of aroma components were calculated by area normalization method.The results showed that 8,17,13and 12kinds of aroma components were found in the root,flower,stem and leaf of Salvia sclarea during the flowering period,and 17,20,16and 24were found during the harvest period.The main aroma components were alcohols,e sters,alcohols and hydrocarbons(64.02%,68.33%,50.20%and 37.13%,average relative content,the same below)in the flowering period and all esters(81.46%,77.80%,84.05%and 68.27%)during the harvest period from the root,f lower,stem and leaf of Salvia sclarea planted in different plots;l inalool,myrcene and linalool,myrcene,and linalool were the common aroma components from root,f lower,stem and leaf of Salvia Sclarea planted in different plots during different growth periods.Linalyl anthranilate was the peculiar substance of the root,flower and stem of Salvia sclarea planted in the southern plot in the flowering period,with a relative content more than 50%;the types of aroma components in the harvest period were higher than those in the flowering period,and the main aroma component was all linalyl acetate.