头痛治疗中的安慰剂和反安慰剂效应

Placebo and nocebo effects in headache treatment

随机安慰剂对照试验是评价疾病治疗疗效的主要手段。患者服用安慰剂后出现症状缓解或不良反应,称为安慰剂效应或反安慰剂效应。安慰剂和反安慰剂效应在头痛性疾病中尤为多见,对临床试验的结果产生重要影响,因此了解其作用机制和影响因素至关重要。文中阐述了头痛治疗中安慰剂效应和反安慰剂效应的作用机制、临床表现及相关影响因素,并探讨如何规避安慰剂效应和反安慰剂效应对临床治疗及研究造成的影响。

Randomized placebo-controlled trials are the primary means of evaluating the effectiveness of treatments.Patients experience symptom relief or adverse effects after taking placebo,which is called placebo effects or nocebo effects.The placebo and nocebo effects are particularly common in headache and have an important impact on the results of clinical trials,so it is important to understand its mechanism and influencing factors.This review describes the mechanism,clinical manifestations and risk factors of placebo and nocebo effects in headache treatment,and discusses how to avoid the placebo and nocebo effects on clinical treatment.