广东省江门市鼻咽癌筛查人群EB病毒感染与流行现状

Infection and epidemic status of Epstein-Barr virus in an endemic area of nasopharyngeal carcinoma,Jiangmen,Guangdong

目的分析广东省江门市30~<70岁鼻咽癌筛查人群的EB病毒流行现状及其影响因素。方法应用ELISA检测EB病毒血清抗体(EBNA1-IgA和VCA-IgA),采用描述性流行病学方法分析EB病毒流行现状,利用Logistic回归分析EB病毒感染与流行的影响因素。结果2018-2020年江门市共筛查19 556人,其中男性8 802人,占41.94%,女性11 354人,占58.06%。筛查人群中男性的平均年龄为(47.18±11.98)岁,女性的平均年龄为(48.36±11.53)岁。江门市EB病毒感染率为15.49%,男、女EB病毒感染率分别为15.70%和15.33%,差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=0.497,P>0.05)。不同年龄人群的EB病毒感染率不同,呈波动上升趋势(χ^(2)=103.092,P<0.001)。筛查人群EBNA1-IgA的总阳性率为4.00%,男性的EBNA1-IgA阳性率(4.99%)高于女性(3.29%),差异无统计学意义(^(χ2=35).909,P<0.001);筛查人群VCA-IgA的总阳性率为12.43%,男性的VCA-IgA阳性率(12.00%)与女性(12.74%)差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=2.443,P=0.118)。Logistic回归分析结果显示:随着年龄增长,EB病毒的感染风险增加(OR=1.011,95%CI:1.0081.015,P<0.001);有吸烟史的人群EB病毒感染风险高于无吸烟史人群(OR=1.300,95%CI:1.1801.433,P<0.001);有糖尿病史的人群EB病毒感染风险高于无糖尿病史人群(OR=1.225,95%CI:1.0351.451,P<0.05);不同高血压史人群的EB病毒感染率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论江门市EB病毒感染率处于较高水平(15.49%)。随着年龄的增加EB病毒感染风险增加;吸烟和糖尿病均会增加人群感染EB病毒的风险。

Objective To estimate the prevalence of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and to investigate the risk factors for the infection of EBV in 19 556 people aged 30-69 years in an endemic area of nasopharyngeal carcinoma,Jiangmen,Guangdong province.MethodsThe antibodies VCA-IgA and EBNA1-IgA were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the infection of Epstein Barr virus.The Logistic regression was used to analyze the influence factors of EBV infection.ResultsA total of 19 556 community residents were screened,including 8 802 males (41.94%) and 11 354 females (58.06%) from 2018 to 2020 in Jiangmen.The mean age of the males and females in the screening population was (47.18±11.98) years and (48.36±11.53) years,respectively.The infection rate of Epstein-Barr virus in Jiangmen was 15.49%,and the infection rate of EBV in males and females was 15.70%and15.33%,respectively,with no statistical significance (χ2=0.497,P>0.05).The infection rates of EBV in different age groups were different and showed a fluctuating upward trend (χ2=103.092,P<0.001).The total positive rate of EBNA1-IgA in the screening population was 4.00%,and the positive rate of EBNA1-IgA in males 4.99%versus 3.29%in females (χ2=35.909,P<0.001).The total positive rate of VCA-IgA in the screening population was 12.43%,and there was no statistical significance in the positive rate of VCA-IgA for males and females with 12.00%versus 12.74%(χ2=2.443,P=0.118).The Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of EBV infection increased with age (OR=1.011,95%CI:1.008-1.015,P<0.001);the risk of EBV infection was higher in people with smoking history than in people without smoking history (OR=1.300,95%CI:1.180~1.433,P<0.001);People with a history of diabetes had a higher risk of EBV infection than those without (OR=1.225,95%CI:1.035~1.451,P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the infection rates of EBV between people with and without hypertension history (P>0.05).ConclusionThe infection rate of EBV in Jiangmen was at a high level (15.49%).The risk of EBV infection increases with ages.Smoking and diabetes both increase the risk of EBV infection in endemic areas of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.