马克思实践观中价值问题语言研究路径的可能性——兼对元伦理学语言路径的批判分析

The Possibility of the Linguistic Approach to Value Issues in Marx’s View of Practice——A Critical Analysis of the Linguistic Approach to Meta-Ethics

哲学的直接对象是语言概念,任何领域的研究都包含同语言关系的维度。价值哲学的语言维度能否发展出语言研究路径,关键在于价值与语言是否具有本质之维的关联。在价值哲学史上,元伦理学开辟了一种语言研究路径,然而它并非基于语言视角的理论自觉,而是多重历史交汇的必然。该语言路径产生了价值研究语言形式化、价值主体语言化、价值历史虚无化的问题,分析其成因可见该路径的价值根本解释是认识论的、价值与语言的关系是独断论的,价值问题被等同于语言意义的混乱。解决价值根源阐释问题需要从认识论转向马克思的实践观,人的实践存在是价值的根源,实践活动一同产生关系存在样态,价值是关系形态的,价值存在于实践产生的"对象为我而存在"的关系。关系不是感官的对象,而是意识的对象。马克思揭示了语言是意识的内在要素,关系的确立与表达都离不开语言的参与。因此,价值问题语言研究路径的真正可能性来自于马克思实践观基础上对价值意识的语言性及其语言发生机制的阐释。

The direct object of philosophy is the concept of language.Whether the linguistic dimension of value philosophy can develop a linguistic approach depends on whether there is an essential relationship between value and language.In the history of value philosophy,meta-ethics has opened up a way to study language.However,it is not a theoretical consciousness based on the perspective of language,but a necessity of multiple historical intersection.This linguistic approach has brought about the problems of formalization of value research language,linguization of value subject,and nihilism of value history.By analyzing the causes,we can see that the fundamental explanation of value of this approach is epistemological,the relationship between value and language is arbitrary,and the question of value is equivalent to the confusion of language meaning.To solve the problem of explaining the root of value,we need to turn from epistemology to Marx’s view of practice.Human’s practical existence is the root of value,and practical activities produce the existence of relationship.Value is the form of relationship,and value exists in the relationship of"the object exists for me"produced by practice.Relationship is not the object of sense,but the object of consciousness.Marx revealed that language is the internal element of consciousness,and the establishment and expression of relationship cannot be separated from the participation of language.Therefore,the real possibility of the linguistic approach to value issues comes from the interpretation of the linguistic nature of value consciousness and its language generation mechanism on the basis of Marx’s concept of practice.In the practical sense,on the one hand,it puts forward new language ideas for the interpretation and construction of Chinese value;on the other hand,it also puts forward the new requirements that the understanding of the language meaning of value should be unified with the practical relationship.