油葵和食葵在浙江主要农艺性状差异和遗传分析

Difference and Genetic Analysis of Main Agronomic Characters between Oil Sunflower and Edible Sunflower in Zhejiang

向日葵(Helianthus annuus L.)是世界四大油料作物之一,按用途分为食葵(食用向日葵)、油葵(油用向日葵)和观赏向日葵。由于当前实际生产需求,提高油葵、食葵的产量和商品性是当前品种选育的主要目标。本研究利用来源于国内外不同地区的77份油葵材料和59份食葵材料,在浙江省海宁市和湖州试验点对参试向日葵的12个主要农艺性状进行遗传分析,试验结果发现,油葵和食葵的株高、总粒数、百粒重、子实长度、子实宽度在两点均表现差异显著;油葵和食葵的主要农艺性状在单点的偏度和峰度在-6.62~44.15之间,且遗传力在0.31~0.96之间,表明部分农艺性状是由数量性状控制,如株高、总粒数等,其它可能存在主效+微效多基因模型的遗传方式;此外,油葵和食葵在两点的遗传力在0.00~0.99之间,表明其中一些性状受环境因素影响较大,由于两点气象因素相近,分析推测最可能是土壤因素。进一步对油葵和食葵主要农艺性状间的相关性进行分析,结果显示,在油葵和食葵中,12个性状之间互相影响互相制约,其中株高在两种类型向日葵中都对花盘大小存在显著性相关,同时影响结实率、总粒数和百粒重等性状。本研究为油葵和食葵的遗传改良和品种选育提供理论支撑,为高产向日葵培育提供借鉴。

Sunflower(Helianthus annuus)is one of the four major oil crops in the world,which can be divided into edible sunflower,oil sunflower and ornamental sunflower according to its usage.As the current production demand,the main breeding aims are to improve the yield and beauty of oil and edible sunflower.In this study,77 oil sunflower materials and 59 edible sunflower materials from different regions at home and abroad were used to analyze the genetic characteristics of 12 main agronomic characters in Haining and Huzhou experimental bases in Zhejiang.The results showed that there were significant differences in plant height,total grain number,100-grain weight,length of seed and width of seed oil sunflower and edible sunflower,and the skewness and kurtosis of main agronomic characters for oil sunflower and edible sunflower ranged from-6.62 to 44.15 at a single place,and the heritability ranged from 0.31 to 0.96,indicating that some agronomic traits were controlled by quantitative traits,such as plant height and total grain number and others,and there might be other inheritance modes of major+minor polygene model.In addition,the heritability of oil sunflower and edible sunflower ranged from 0.00 to 0.99 at the two places,which indicates that some of the traits were greatly influenced by environmental factors.Because the similar meteorological factors in the two places,the soil factor was considered as the most likely one.In addition,the correlation between the main agronomic characters of oil sunflower and edible sunflower was analyzed respectively.The results showed that in oil sunflower and edible sunflower,there was the relationship of mutual influence and restriction between the 12 characters.Among of them,plant height was significantly correlated with flower disc size in oil sunflower and edible sunflower,and affected seed setting rate,total grain number and100-grain weight.This study provides theoretical support for genetic improvement and variety breeding of oil sunflower and edible sunflower,and provides reference for high-yield sunflower cultivation.