进城农民工家庭化迁移对城镇地区消费不平等的影响——基于家庭异质性的研究

The Influence of Family Migration of Migrant Workers on the Consumption Inequality in Urban Areas——Based on the Study of Family Heterogeneity

相对于收入不平等,消费不平等可以更全面、更直观地反映个体或家庭的福利状态。在我国,随着劳动力在乡城间的流动,乡城居民的家庭结构逐渐发生变化,基于家庭同质性的消费不平等测算容易产生较大的误差。在进城农民工逐渐呈现家庭化迁移的背景下,利用2016年CFPS数据,对比分析城镇地区拥有不同数量、不同年龄孩子的城镇居民和农民工两类群体家庭间的消费成本,采用等价尺度对消费不平等的测算进行校正,并进一步对城镇地区的消费不平等进行分解测算。研究发现:忽略家庭成员数量、年龄结构的测算方法,容易低估当前的消费不平等状况。其中,对于农民工群体,基于完全需求系统测算的消费基尼系数高出未调整水平将近20%;群体分解的结果显示,农民工群体对城镇地区消费不平等的贡献大于城镇居民,且农民工群体内部的不平等大于农民工与城镇居民群体间的不平等;消费类别的分解结果显示,当前拉开城镇地区消费差距的主要是家庭设备、其他支出、文教娱乐、医疗保健等发展与享受型消费支出。

Compared with income inequality,consumption inequality can reflect the welfare status of individuals or families more comprehensively and intuitively.In China,the family structure of rural and urban residents is changing gradually.Therefore,the measurement of consumption inequality based on family homogeneity is easy to produce a large measurement errors.Under the background of the gradual family migration of migrant workers in cities,this paper uses the 2016 CFPS data to compare and analyze the consumption costs of urban resident families and migrant worker families with different numbers and ages of children in urban areas.Then the consumption inequality of urban area is corrected by equivalent scales.And the consumption inequality in urban areas is further decomposed and calculated.The results show that the measurement method of ignoring the number of family members and age structure is easy to underestimate of current consumption inequality.For the group migrant workers,the consumption Gini coefficient based on on the full demand system is nearly 20%higher than that of the unadjusted level.According to the results of group decomposition,the contribution of migrant workers to the consumption inequality in urban areas is greater than that of urban residents.And the inequality within migrant workers is more than that between migrant workers and urban residents.The decomposition of consumer categories shows that the main factors that open the consumption in urban areas are household equipment,other expenditures,education and entertainment,medical care and other enjoyable consumer expenditure.