辽金时期“连坐”与“缘坐”制度辨析

Analysis of the System of “lianzuo” and“yuanzuo” in Liao and Jin Dynasties

连坐制产生较早,以先秦时期商鞅推行的“什伍连坐制”最具代表性,缘坐制则发轫于北魏时期。到了唐代,连坐制和缘坐制作为制度化以法律形式被确立。辽金时期,北方民族入主汉地,学习中原法律体系,引入了中原汉制中的“连坐”与“缘坐”,体现了对唐律的沿袭。但在此过程中发生了一些变化,辽代有“连坐”而无“缘坐”记载,并且辽金两代均出现“连坐”与“缘坐”混淆之例。

The system of“lianzuo”(being punished for being related to or friendly with sb.who has committed an offence)in ancient China appeared early where Shangyang carried out the system of“Shi Wu Lian”in the Pre-Qin period.It was the most representative.The system of“yuanzuo”(family-based punishment)started in the Northern Wei Dynasty.In Tang Dynasty,“lianzuo”and“yuanzuo”were established as two kinds of institutionalized laws.In Liao and Jin Dynasties,the northern people entered and actively studied the legal system of the Central Plains adopting the two systems,which reflected the follow-up to the Tang law.However,in this process,there have been some changes.There were records about“lianzuo”but no record for“yuanzuo”where there were cases mixed the two systems.