孟子对梁惠王“好战”与“不仁”的评价发微

Mencius’ Comments on King Hui of Liang’s “Being Belligerent” and “Being Inhumane”

孟子对梁惠王的评价是对外好战,对内不仁。对于前者,通过以下问题来考察:梁惠王确实好战;时代背景、个人性格、晋国和魏国的霸业传统导致梁惠王好战;好战的结果是魏国自此衰落,这有必然性,不完全是梁惠王的问题。对于后者,通过梁惠王自称的尽心来考察,认为梁惠王确有为难之处,但改变不了他不仁的总体评价。梁惠王的自我辩解在古代统治者中有较强的代表性,因此,孟子的评价对辨证地认识古代统治者的行政,具有一定的典范意义。

Mencius’evaluation of Liang Hui Wang is belligerent and inhumane.For the former,we examine through some questions:Liang Hui Wang is indeed belligerent.The background of the times,personal character,the hundred years’hegemony tradition of Jin State and the Wei State lead to the belligerence of King Hui of Liang.The result of belligerence is the decline of Wei state.This is not a matter of King Hui of Liang’s personal problem,but the inevitable result.For the latter,the study on the basic of the kind-heartedness that Liang Hui Wang claimed finds out that Liang Hui Wang did have some difficult but he is really heartless.In short,Mencius’s evaluation of King Hui of Liang is accurate.Liang Hui Wang’s self justification is a strong representative among the ancient rulers.Therefore,Mencius’evaluation has a certain exemplary significance for dialectically understanding the administration of ancient rulers.