王充的自然主义天道观

Wang Chong’s Naturalistic View of Heaven

在儒家哲学中,对"天"有关问题的探讨便是天道观。王充的天道观是一种自然主义天道观。他认为,自然和无为是天的根本特色,并从两个方面进行论证:一是从经验事实的角度驳斥天人感应和谶纬迷信;二是从元气自然论的角度提出天以气生物。沿着这种致思路线,王充强调天自然生人,性命含气,宣扬性命初禀之时便不可改。这在反对天人感应和谶纬迷信的同时,又陷入了宿命论的境地。

In Confucian philosophy,the discussion of issues concerning"the heaven"is the view of heaven.Wang Chong’s view of heaven is naturalistic.He thinks that nature and inaction are the fundamental characteristics of heaven.For this reason,he demonstrated it from two aspects:one is to refute induction of the heaven and man and prophecy superstition from the perspective of empirical facts;the other is to put forward the heaven produces all things with Qi from the perspective of Yuanqi nature theory.Along this line of thinking,Wang Chong emphasizes that heaven naturally gives birth to human beings,human nature and fate containing qi,and believes that human nature and fate are doomed and unchangeable after they were first formed.While opposing the induction of heaven and man and the superstition of prophecy,Wang Chong falls into the situation of fatalism.