抗冻蛋白与冰-水界面层相互作用的理论机制研究进展

Advances in Understanding the Theoretical Mechanism of the Interaction between Antifreeze Proteins and the Ice-Water Interface Layer

抗冻蛋白(antifreeze proteins,AFPs)具有热滞活性和重结晶抑制活性,在冷冻食品品质调控、细菌低温保护、植物霜冻保护等领域具有广泛的应用价值。本文围绕种类和结构复杂的AFPs在低温冷冻环境下如何通过调控冰-水界面层结构、与冰晶结合或相互作用从而实现其抑制冰晶生长、产生热滞活性和重结晶抑制活性的理论问题,系统综述了吸附-抑制模型、偶极子-偶极子模型、晶格匹配与占有模型、刚体能量模型、包合物锚定模型、亲和相互作用偶联团聚模型等理论模型原理和特点,揭示了AFPs通过调控冰-水界面层结构产生结合或相互作用的原理及其驱动力作用特点,为解析AFPs抗冻活性机理及其筛选、食品工业应用提供理论参考。

Antifreeze proteins(AFPs)have thermal hysteresis activity and recrystallization-inhibiting activity,and have potential applications in a wide range of areas such as the quality control of frozen foods,low temperature protection of bacteria,and plant protection against frost injury.This paper focuses on the theoretical problem of how AFPs,containing a wide variety of components with complicated structures,can inhibit the growth of ice crystals and exert thermal hysteresis and recrystallization-inhibiting activity by regulating the structure of the ice-water interface and interacting with or binding to ice crystals in the cryogenic freezing environment.Meanwhile,this review also systematically describes the principles and characteristics of some related theoretical models,including adsorption-inhibition model,dipole-dipole model,lattice matching and possession model,rigid body energy model,anchored clathrate model,and affinity interaction coupling and aggregation model,and it reveals the mechanism by which AFPs bind to or interact with the ice-water system by regulating the structure of the ice-water interface layer and its driving force characteristics.This review will provide theoretical guides for the elaboration of the antifreeze mechanism and the screening for application in the food industry of AFPs.