《宠儿》中“凝视”的权力场

Fields of Power under“Gaze”in The Beloved

在《宠儿》中托妮·莫里森试图从黑人女性角度重塑黑人历史,运用“反凝视”策略对白人社会塑造的白色文明假象进行解构。在种族社会制度下,“凝视”不是简单的视觉活动,而是一种携带着权力运作的观看方法,因此我们也可把《宠儿》看作黑人与白人话语权的博弈场,其中白人是掌握绝对话语权的凝视者,但看似处于劣势地位的黑人其实也是“掌权者”,他们在凝视中重建自我,在反凝视的过程中揭露白人的虚伪真面目。文章结合凝视理论和福柯的权力观等,探讨《宠儿》中的三种权力场,以获悉黑人的自我身份重建之路,揭示白人残暴的历史真相。

In The Beloved Toni Morrison tries to reconstruct the history of black people from the perspective of black women,deconstructing the hypocritical society dominated by white people.Under the racism,“gaze”is not a simple visual activity,but a kind of method of watching which carries power.So we can regard the novel as an arenas where power discourse of the black fights against that of the white.In that arenas,the white who are absolute gazers control supreme power,but in fact the black in a more disadvantaged position are also“power-holders”.The black endeavor to reconstruct self-perception by gazing while disclosing the hypocrisy of the white by the anti-gaze.Based on the gaze theory and Foucault’s concept of power,this paper discusses the three power fields in The Beloved,which helps us to understand the process of the black rebuilding their identities and also discloses the brutality of the white in the history.