低成本-高性能超级电容器有机小分子电极材料的研究进展

Research progress of low-cost,high-performance organic small molecular electrode materials for supercapacitors

超级电容器因为具有快速充放电速率与高功率密度,已经在许多能源储存领域的应用中取得了迅速的发展,其可以在备用电源、军用设备、便携式电子产品以及混合动力汽车等方面作为电池的有效补充。其电极材料的特性是决定电荷存储的最关键因素。与传统的碳材料、过渡金属氧化物、氢氧化物及导电聚合物相比,有机小分子材料具有资源可持续性、环境友好性、潜在的低成本、结构多样性等特点,在低分子量下可实现多电子可逆法拉第反应,为获得高能量密度的超级电容器奠定电化学反应基础。通过共价或非共价功能化的方法将氧化还原活性有机分子固定在导电碳基底上(如石墨烯、碳纳米管、活性炭等),可以方便地将电荷从电活性分子转移到载流元件,提高电化学储能器件的功率能力,使其电化学性能得到有效的发挥。这篇综述总结了近期报道的低成本、高性能有机小分子电极材料,通过有机小分子的共价功能化和非共价功能化,从合成策略和化学修饰等角度进行了介绍,最后对有机小分子电极材料的发展趋势进行了展望。

Due to its fast charging and discharging rate and high power density,ultracapacitors have been rapidly developed in many energy storage applications,and can be used as an effective supplement to batteries in backup power sources,military equipment,portable electronic products and hybrid electric vehicles.The characteristics of supercapacitor electrode materials are the most critical factor in determining charge storage.Compared with traditional carbon materials,transition metal oxides,hydroxides and conductive polymers,organic small molecule materials have the characteristics of resource sustainability,environmental friendliness,potential low cost,and structural diversity.It can realize the multi-electron reversible Faraday reaction,laying the foundation of electrochemical reaction for obtaining supercapacitors with high energy density.Through covalent and non covalent functionalization method to fix redox active organic molecules on the conductive carbon substrate(such as graphene,carbon nanotubes,activated carbon,etc.),you can easily transfer the charge from the electroactive molecules to current-carrying components,improve the power ability of electrochemical energy storage device,make its electrochemical performance effectively.In this review,the recently reported low-cost,high-performance organic small molecule electrode materials were summarized.Through the covalent and non-covalent functionalization of small organic molecules,it was introduced from the perspectives of synthesis strategies and chemical modification.Finally,the development trend of organic small molecule electrode materials was prospected.