阿尔茨海默症治疗药物现状及展望

Current Situation and Prospect of Alzeimer’s Disease Treatment

阿尔茨海默症是一种发病时不易察觉,随着时间逐渐发展的神经系统退行性疾病,该病已经成为继心脏病、肿瘤和脑卒中之后的第四号杀手。此病累及人体很多个系统,发病机理较为复杂,与多种因素有关。患者主要表现为记忆、学习功能障碍和日常生活能力的下降。目前的治疗药物主要以改善临床症状为主,并没有可逆转或者阻止病程进展的有效药物。该文综述了阿尔茨海默症的发病率、致病因素和相关假说,并总结了目前临床上治疗药物如胆碱酯酶抑制剂和N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸(N-methyl-D-aspartate,NMDA)受体拮抗剂,以期为今后的科学研究提供参考依据。

Alzheimer’s disease is a degenerative neurological disease that is difficult to detect at its onset and gradually develops over time.The disease has become the fourth killer after heart disease,tumor,and stroke.This disease affects many systems of the human body,and the pathogenesis is more complicated and related to many factors.The main manifestations of the patients are memory,learning dysfunction and decline in daily life ability.The current treatment drugs mainly focus on improving clinical symptoms,and there are no effective drugs that can reverse or prevent the progression of the disease.This article reviews the incidence,pathogenic factors and related hypotheses of Alzheimer’s disease,and summarizes the current clinical treatment drugs such as cholinesterase inhibitors and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors(NMDA)antagonist,with a view to provide a reference basis for future scientific research.