1950年代原子能宣传运动中的苏联因素

Soviet Element in the Atomic Publicity in the 1950s

1950年代中期开展的原子能宣传运动成功营造出全民关心原子能的氛围,为国家原子能事业的快速起步提供了极为有利的舆论条件。现有研究对该运动的起因、过程及其影响已经论述得比较充分,本文聚焦于运动的一个重要侧面——苏联因素,从原子能科普图书、《人民日报》《光明日报》两大报刊文章以及和平利用原子能科学技术展览会三个不同媒介层面切入,讨论其主要内容和影响。运动中的“苏联热”为向广大人民群众进行原子能知识普及提供了榜样和抓手,有力地提高了全社会关注原子能、科技人员钻研原子能、青年学子立志学习原子能的热情,而其带有的巨大政治倾向性也影响了大众原子能科学素养的进一步提升。

The atomic publicity campaign in the mid-1950s created an atmosphere in which every citizen was concerned with atomic energy,which provided a favorable condition for the rapid development of atomic cause in China.The cause,process and influence of the campaign have been fully discussed in the existing research.This paper focuses on an important aspect of the campaign-the Soviet element,and discusses its main content and influence from three different types of media:the popular science books on atomic energy,the articles in People’s Daily and Guangming Daily,and the exhibition on peaceful use of atomic energy.The“Soviet fever”in the campaign provided an example and means for the popularization of atomic energy among the masses,and effectively increased the enthusiasm of the whole society.Meanwhile,its huge political orientation also affected the further improvement of the public’s scientific literacy of atomic energy.