康德论统觉的综合统一性与客观统一性——对B版演绎§17论证步骤的分析

Kant on the Synthetic Unity and the Objective Unity of Apperception——an Analysis of the Argument in§17 of the B-Deduction

康德在B版演绎§17中成功地实现了从统觉的综合统一性到客观统一性的论证过渡,该论证在现有的研究文献中并未得到合理的说明。在康德看来,统觉的综合统一性是主体通过先天综合而建立的统一性,这意味着表象的联结必须以普遍有效的方式进行。康德在§17中引入了客体概念,并认为只有按照该概念表象的联结才获得普遍有效性。所以,康德论证的关键在于阐明统觉的综合统一性只有通过客体概念才得以实现,并因而也才成为一种客观统一性。该论证步骤与B版演绎第一部分的整体思路具有同构性。

This article aims to explain Kant’s argument from the synthetic unity to the objective unity of apperception in§17 of the B-Deduction.There are two interpretations of the transition argument in the research literature.One of them holds that the synthetic unity of apperception is just a necessary condition for the objective unity;while the other claims that the two kinds of unity are necessary and sufficient conditions for each other.Unlike these two interpretations,this article argues that the relationship of the two kinds of unity should be interpreted as that the former can be realized only by the latter.The article defends this interpretation by examining Kant’s concept of object in general and analyzing the whole structure of the first part of the B-Deduction.