从《徐氏类音字汇》的“一字两读”看百年来盐城方言语音的变化

The Phonetic Changes of Yancheng Dialect in the Past 100 Years:With Evidence from“One Word with Two Pronunciations”in Xushi Leiyin Zihui

《徐氏类音字汇》凡例部分列举了几十个具有“一字两读”现象的例字,两个读音主要用“本音”和“又音”称说。“一字两读”现象反映出古全浊声母清化后读送气音、古咸山摄阳声韵与果摄读音合流、古浊声母去声调读同阴平调等特点。将《徐氏类音字汇》与《江苏省和上海市方言概况》及现代盐城方言进行比较,可以发现,“本音”和“又音”的区别实际是文白异读的差异;百年来盐城方言中的“一字两读”减少明显,“又音”丢失是减少的主要原因。

Dozens of examples“one word with two pronunciations”are listed at the part of explanatory notes in Xushi leiyin zihui.The two pronunciations are called“the original pronunciation”and the“also pronounced as”.This phenomenon reflects some characteristics,such as medieval full voiced initials reading aspirated initials after devoicing,pronunciation confluence between medieval Yangsheng rhymes of Xian and Shan groups with Guo Group,and medieval falling tone of voiced initials reading as level tone.Comparing Xushi leiyin zihui,The Survey of Dialects in Jiangsu Province and Shanghai and modern Yancheng dialect,we can find that the distinction between“the original pronunciation”and the“also pronounced as”is actually a difference between literary and colloquial readings.This phenomenon has reduced significantly in Yancheng dialect in the past 100 years,mainly due to the losing of“also read as”options.