基于腺病毒载体的新型冠状病毒肺炎疫苗研究进展

Advances in development of adenovirus-vectored vaccines for COVID-19

新型冠状病毒自2019年底以来在全球范围内持续传播,对全世界人类的身体健康和生产生活造成了严重的影响[1]。虽然佩戴口罩、保持安全的社交距离等公共卫生干预措施对于控制疫情起到了非常重要的作用,但目前普遍认为彻底结束此次疫情需要通过实现群体免疫,而接种疫苗是最安全有效的方法[2-3]。目前新冠疫苗采取了不同的技术路线,如核酸类疫苗、病毒载体类疫苗、基因工程重组疫苗、病毒灭活疫苗等。其中基于腺病毒载体技术研发的疫苗Ad5-nCoV、AZD1222、Ad26.COV2.S和Sputnik V均取得了较快的研究进展,但AZD1222和Ad26.COV2.S在大规模的接种中均被报道有少量血栓形成的病例出现[4],部分国家目前暂停了相关疫苗的接种工作,同一技术研发的其它疫苗也因此受到质疑。为更好地了解基于腺病毒载体技术研制的新型冠状病毒疫苗,本文对其特点及研发进展进行综述。

Since the global epidemic caused by COVID-19 sustains,varieties of vaccines have been developed by many research teams.Some adenovirus vectors vaccines have been in clinical trials and used.Most of them were de‐signed with spike protein as antigen binding site,and it was verified that the vaccines induced humoral immune responses and cellular immune responses in animal models.In the clinical trials,the immunogenicity and safety of the vaccines were verified.However,some reports show that the adenovirus-vectored vaccine may induce thrombosis and thrombocytopenia.In this paper,we review the characteristics of adenovirus vectors,the design of vaccine,the animal test of vaccine,the progress in clinical trial and the problems in clinical application of the adenovirus-vectored vaccines.