明清徽商与陕商之比较研究

A Comparative Study of Huizhou Merchants and Shaanxi Merchants in Ming and Qing Dynasties

明清时期在商品经济发展的情况下,全国范围内产生了包括陕商和徽商在内的十大商帮。在“开中法”的推动之下,陕商抓住契机,在盐业方面取得巨大成就,而由于成化年间推行的“折色法”,徽商也同样在两淮盐场一举崛起,雄踞一方。明清时期,一些陕西商人为了摆脱贫穷,不得已才走上了商业经营之路,这与徽州地区因为地少人多、为了获得生活所需才寄命于商略有相似之处。然而不同的是,徽商是将商业经营看作最终崇儒仕进的一个跳板,而陕商虽然也受到了儒家文化的熏陶,但同样也由于受到了毗邻晋商的影响,对儒术的推崇并不如徽商那样狂热。

In the Ming and Qing Dynasties,with the development of commodity economy,ten business gangs including Shaanxi merchants and Huizhou merchants came into being nationwide.Under the impetus of“Opening China-France”,Shaanxi merchants seized the opportunity and made great achievements in salt industry,while Huizhou merchants also rose in one fell swoop in the salt fields of Huainan and Huaibei due to the“color-folding method”implemented during Chenghua.During the Ming and Qing Dynasties,some Shaanxi businessmen had no choice but to embark on the road of business management in order to get rid of poverty,which is slightly similar to Huizhou area,where there are few land and many people,and only in order to get what they need for life.However,the difference is that Huizhou merchants regard commercial operation as a springboard to worship Confucianism and promote official development,while Shaanxi merchants,although influenced by Confucian culture,are also influenced by neighboring Shanxi merchants,so they are not as enthusiastic about Confucianism as Huizhou merchants.