党在延安时期民族区域自治工作的实践探索

The CPC's Practical Exploration of Regional Ethnic Autonomy in the Yan'an Period

党在延安时期少数民族区域自治工作的探索,大概经历了长征时期、西征时期、抗日战争时期和解放战争时期四个阶段。在长征时期红军帮助藏族群众成立了格勒得沙共和国和波巴人民共和国,红军西征时期成立了豫海县回民自治政府,抗日战争时期在陕甘宁边区建立了回民、蒙民自治区(乡),解放战争时期成立了内蒙古自治区。在探索民族区域自治的过程中,党的民族工作的实践从照搬苏俄民族自决、实行联邦制,到陕甘宁边区小范围民族区域自治的自主探索,到建立内蒙古自治区,具体展现了马克思主义民族理论中国化的曲折历程。延安时期民族工作的四个阶段,都是中国共产党探索适合中国特点民族政策的必不可少的环节,也表明了党的民族区域自治政策的不断完善。这些民族自决或者民族自治的实践,保障了各民族平等的民主权利,真正实现了少数民族“自己管理自己”,也为新中国民族区域自治政策及其实践积累了经验。

The Party's exploration of regional autonomy of ethnic minorities in the Yan'an period has probably gone through four stages:the Long March period,the western expedition period,the Anti-Japanese War period,and the liberation war period.During the Long March,the Red Army helped the Tibetan people to found the Republic of Geldesha and the People's Republic of Boba.During the Western March,the Red Army established the Hui Autonomous Government of Yuhai county.During the Anti-Japanese War,the Hui and Mongolian Autonomous Regions(townships)came into being in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia border region.And during the war of liberation,the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region was built.In the process of exploring regional ethnic autonomy,the practice of the Party's ethnic work shows the tortuous process of nationalization in Marxist ethnic theory,from copying the self-determination of the Soviet Union and implementing the federal system,to the independent exploration of small-scale ethnic regional autonomy in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia border region,to the establishment of Inner-Mongolia Autonomous Region.The four stages are all indispensable links for the CPC to explore ethnic policies suitable for China's local conditions,which is also the continuous improvement of its ethnic regional autonomy policy.These practices of national self-determination or national autonomy have guaranteed the equal democratic rights of all ethnic groups,truly realized the“self-management”of ethnic minorities,and accumulated experience for the policy and practice of regional ethnic autonomy in New China after liberation.