21世纪英国和爱尔兰新民族认定及其影响分析

Discussion about the Identification of New Ethnic Groups in U.K.and Ireland and Its Influences in the 21st Century

进入21世纪以来的20年中,英国和爱尔兰新认定了2个民族,分别为英国的康沃尔族和爱尔兰的楚外乐族,先后于2014年和2017年被英国政府和爱尔兰政府予以认定。21世纪英国和爱尔兰开展少数民族的识别与认定,主要有内外两方面的原因。从内部分析,少数民族的民族意识觉醒以及开展的相关政治和社会活动,促进了相关国家对民族识别和认定工作的重视;从外部来看,自20世纪90年代以来,一些国际及区域性组织陆续通过了《在民族或族裔、宗教和语言上属于少数群体的人的权利宣言》《欧洲区域或少数民族语言宪章》《关于保护少数民族框架公约》等文件,对相关国家开展民族识别与认定工作起到了重要的推动作用。这些国家开展民族识别与认定,不仅意味着承认了国内族群的多样性,而且对国族的整合和构建产生了一定影响。

There are two newly identified ethnic groups in U.K.and Ireland in the 21st Century,one is Cornish in U.K.and the other Travellers in Ireland,which were recognized by the British government and the Irish government in 2014 and 2017 respectively.Two main reasons can explain the two countries'actions.One is the awakening of national consciousness and the related political and social activities,which have promoted the recognition and identification of ethnic groups in relevant countries;the other is some international organizations,who have published some files such as Declaration on the Rights of Persons Belonging to National or Ethnic,Religious and Linguistic Minorities,European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages,and Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities.These files have played an important role in promoting the identification and recognition of ethnic groups in relevant countries.The action of ethnic recognition and identification in these countries not only means the recognition of the diversity of ethnic groups in their counties,but also has a certain impact on the integration and construction of nation.