汪懋祖先生边疆教育实践及其思想——以中政校大理分校、国立丽江师范学校为中心之探讨

On the Practice and Thoughts of Ethnic Education of Wang Maozu——Centering on the Dali Branch of the China Political Science Academy and the National Lijiang Normal School

汪懋祖作为早期民族教育的开拓者之一,先后筹建了中央政治学校大理分校(后改名为国立大理师范学校)和国立丽江师范学校,两校皆以边疆教育——学校——学生——普通民众的多维互动模式,联通国家意识、民族文化、边疆建设的多面向发展以实现教育的在地化、边疆化。具体措施为收教边人子弟以培养边疆师资和服务人才;推广教育到边地民众;提倡生产劳动教育以改善边民生活;同时关注民族文化的发展,以学校作为边疆民族问题的研究中心。两校的建校付梓既培养了大量师资和服务人才,又提升了边民的文化素质,给近代云南边疆教育打下了基础,其边疆教育思想于今天仍大有裨益。

As one of the pioneers of early ethnic education,Wang Maozu established the Dali branch of China Political Science Academy(later renamed as the National Dali Normal School)and the National Lijiang Normal School.Both schools are based on the multi-dimensional interactive mode of ethnic education-school-student-ordinary people and the multi-faceted development of national consciousness,national culture,and frontier construction to realize the localization and frontierization of education.The specific measures taken include recruiting children of border people to train frontier teachers and workers;promoting education to border people;strengthening education on the hard-working spirit among students to improve the lives of border people;at the same time,paying attention to the development of ethnic culture,and using schools as the research center for ethnic issues.The establishment of the schools has not only cultivated a large number of teachers and workers,but also improved the cultural quality of border residents,laying the foundation for the modernization of border education in Yunnan.And Wang's border education ideas are still of great benefit today.