深圳不同气象条件下各朝向太阳辐射分布特征

DISTRIBUTION CHARACTERISTICS OF RADIATIONIN DIFFERENT METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONSON VARIOUS ORIENTATIONS IN SHENZHEN

利用深圳地区搭建的多朝向太阳辐照与光伏发电效率测量系统2013—2017年120个朝向光伏组件实测数据,分析入射太阳辐射最佳朝向及其时间变化规律,不同气象条件下各朝向辐射的表现特征,以及方位角和倾角的差异对辐射影响的程度,得出:1)年均太阳辐射最大值的倾斜面为-15°/10°,即光伏发电最佳方位角南偏东15°,最佳倾角10°;3—10月份最佳倾角较低,在0°~20°之间,11月份—次年2月份最佳倾角在30°~50°之间,最佳朝向的月平均辐射量比水平面上要高出6.6%;对于可调倾角的光伏电站,每年可进行4次调节(4月份0°、7月份10°、9月份20°、11月份40°),就可达到较高的发电效率。2)深圳的多云天气最多,累计辐射值超过了1/3,因此多云天气时的太阳能利用也极具价值;3)深圳地区太阳辐射与气象条件关系密切,且东侧辐射值往往大于西侧。

Based on 120 oriented photovoltaic modules’data measured by the various orientations solar irradiation and photovoltaic power generation efficiency measurement system in Shenzhen from 2013 to 2017,it was analyzed that the optimal orientation of incident solar radiation and its time variation,the radiation characteristics of each orientation under different meteorological conditions,and the effect of the difference of azimuth angle and tilt angle on the radiation.The results show that:1)The inclination plane of the maximum annual average solar radiation is-15°/10°,that is,the best azimuth of photovoltaic power generation is 15°south by east,and the best tilt angle is 10°.The best tilt angle was between 0°and 20°from March to October and between 30°and 50°from November to February.The monthly average radiation of the best orientation is 6.6%higher than that of the horizontal plane.For the photovoltaic power station with adjustable inclination,it can be adjusted four times a year to achieve higher power generation efficiency(0°in April,10°in July,20°in September,and 40°in November);2)Cloudy days are the most in Shenzhen,and the cumulative radiation value of that is over 1/3 of total radiation,so the use of solar energy on cloudy days is also very valuable;3)Solar radiation is closely related to meteorological conditions in Shenzhen,and the radiation value in the east is usually greater than that in the west.