从布莱希特和曹禺看中西戏剧观念的现代融合

Modern Fusion of Chinese and W estern Drama Concepts——Seeing from the View of Bertolt Brecht and Cao Yu

中西两大戏剧传统独立发展,形成了各自不同的艺术特征与结撰模式。到二十世纪,两大传统开始相互借鉴各自的创作观念。德国的布莱希特从梅兰芳的京剧中看到他“史诗剧”理想的范例,借以完善了他的“间离化”观念;中国的曹禺则全面借鉴西方悲剧观念和易卜生“回溯式”戏剧结构,创作出全新的现代话剧。中、西两大戏剧传统的现代融合,从方式和强度上是不对等的,布莱希特从中国京剧中获得的只是自己戏剧观念的部分例证,而曹禺从西方戏剧中获得的则是观念本身。

Over the past two thousand years,the drama tradition of China and the west developed independently,and formed their distinctive features.By the twentieth century,Chinese and Western playwrights began to learn from each other.For example,Bertolt Brecht(1898-1956)a German dramatist,found the ideal form for his Epic Theater in the Pelking Opera by Mei Lanfang(1894-1961),and then perfected the concept of“alienation”.Meanwhile,Cao Yu(1910-1996),a Chinese dramatist,began a comprehensive study of western tragedy theory,and created modern plays in th;style of Ibsen(1928-1906).There is an interactive relationship between Bertolt Brecht and Cao Yu.