传统井巷建筑原真风环境的数值模拟研究——以湘南宝镜村古民居为例

Numerical Simulation Study on the Prototype Wind Environment in Traditional Well Lane:A Case Study of Baojing Village in Southern Hunan

湘南天井排屋式传统民居的形态尺度与建筑群通风效能之间的关系存在紧密的气候适应性联系。通过现场调研与测绘获取气象数据,并应用Envi-met软件对传统村落整体风环境进行模拟分析;然后,以该模拟结果作为边界条件,对典型天井排屋的室内风环境进行逐一模拟与评价;最后,以前两步结果作为原型边界条件,模拟对比不同尺度组合下的井巷风环境总结并变化规律。研究结果表明,随着宝镜村古民居进深增加,夏季风速先增后减,冬季风速先增大后平稳;风速与井巷高度正相关,与宽度没有明显关联;建筑群进深34.3m、宽度3m、高度6.6m的尺度组合通风效果最佳。建议将井巷高度相对较高,进深相对适中的尺度作为符合宝镜村当地气候适应性的地域性井巷建筑量化设计参考。

There is a close relationship between the shape,scale,and ventilation efficiency of traditional courtyard townhouse in southern Hunan.In this study,the overall wind environment of traditional villages was first simulated and analyzed using envi-met software based on field surveys and mapping.Secondly,the simulation results were used as the boundary conditions to simulate and evaluate the indoor wind environment of typical patio terraced houses,one by one.Finally,the results of the previous two steps were used as the prototype boundary conditions to simulate and compare the well and lane wind environment under different scale combinations.The simulation results based on the Baojing Village ancient dwellings model showed that with an increase in depth,the wind speed increases first and then decreases in summer,while in winter,it increases first and then becomes stable.The wind speed was positively correlated with the height of the well,but not with the width.The best ventilation effect was achieved under the scale combination of 34.3m in depth,3m in width,and 6.6m in height.With consideration for the local climate adaptability,it is suggested that architectural design in Baojing Village should be based on a relatively high height and a moderate depth.