多元主体协同下的旅游扶贫模式:结构化困境与治理图景

The Poverty Alleviation Through Tourism under the Coordination of Multiple Subjects: Structural Dilemma and Governance Prospects

旅游扶贫目标的达成离不开政府、企业、社会组织以及贫困人群的共同参与。以贵州BJ乡“地方政府+平台公司+私营企业+农民合作社”的旅游扶贫模式为讨论对象。采取实地观察、深度访谈的方法,对BJ乡旅游扶贫模式的组织结构、制度成因以及利益联结机制进行研究。研究发现:“地方政府+平台公司+私营企业+农民合作社”的多元主体协同模式一定程度上弥补了“公司+农户”“公司+合作社+农户”模式的制度性缺陷,但存在政府及企业边界模糊,合作社权力缺位的结构化困境。这种结构化困境影响着旅游扶贫的可持续性。因此,增强合作社的自组织能力,建立多渠道利益链接机制是旅游扶贫可持续的重要保证。

The goal of poverty alleviation through tourism can not be achieved without the participation of the government,enterprises,social organizations and the poor.Taking the model of poverty alleviation through tourism of“local government+platform company+private enterprise+farmers cooperative”in BJ township as the object of discussion,on-the-spot observations and in-depth interviews were adopted to study the organizational structure,institutional causes and benefit connection mechanism of the tourism poverty alleviation model in BJ township.The study found that the multi-subject coordination model of“local government+platform company+private enterprise+farmers cooperative”to some extent compensates for the institutional defects of the model of“company+Farmer Household”and“company+cooperative+farmer household”,but there is a structural dilemma that the boundary between government and enterprise is blurred,and the power of co-operatives is absent.This structural dilemma affects the sustainability of poverty alleviation through tourism.Therefore,strengthening the self-organization ability of the cooperatives and establishing a multi-channel benefit link mechanism are important guarantees for the sustainable poverty alleviation through tourism.