养殖业污染防控技术研究态势的文献计量分析

Bibliometric analysis of pollution prevention and control technologies for animal breeding industries

利用文献计量学的方法,对国内外近20 a养殖业污染防治技术领域相关文献进行了收集与统计分析,从源头减量、过程控制以及末端资源化等角度对不同养殖类型的研究热点及发展方向进行预测,以推动我国农业面源污染治理技术体系的完善。研究结果表明:在养殖业污染防治技术领域,国内研究集中在生猪污染领域,而国外以肉(奶)牛污染防治研究为主,国内外文献对水产养殖污染的关注度均不足;在畜禽养殖污染控制方面,废弃物资源化利用是国内外共同关注的重点,其中国内对堆肥、厌氧发酵等方向的研究热度较高,研究关注点多与土壤污染相关,而国外研究的关注点更为全面,包括废弃物的资源化能源化利用、养殖污水处理以及温室气体等。未来我国可以进一步拓展对废弃物多元化处理的技术模式,关注清洁能源的开发与利用,同时进一步深入研究养殖业造成的水污染及大气污染的致污机理及控制技术,以期完善养殖业污染防治技术体系,全面提高养殖业污染综合防控效果。

The relevant literature published over the last 20 years in the field of pollution prevention and control technologies for breeding industries was analyzed using bibliometric methods.The research hotspots and development directions in the field were predicted by analyzing the relevant technical fields from the perspective of source reduction,process control,and waste recycling.The data from this study will help improve the agricultural non-point source pollution prevention and control system in China.The results showed that,in the field of breeding industries,domestic research focused on swine pollution,while foreign research focused on beef cattle(cow).There was insufficient attention focused on aquaculture pollution,both locally and internationally.In the fields of livestock and poultry pollution control,the recycling of animal manure was the key research topic.Research on composting and anaerobic fermentation was found to be very popular in China,and these investigations were mainly related to soil pollution.The research focus in other countries was more comprehensive and included waste recycling,energy utilization,breeding wastewater treatment,and greenhouse gases.In the next few years,China can further expand technologies to diversify animal manure treatment,based on the utilization of waste resources,paying special attention to the development and utilization of clean energy.Moreover,theoretical and technological research on water pollution and air pollution due to breeding industries needs to be further expanded.This will improve the pollution-control technologies used by breeding industries and thus,enhance pollution prevention and control.