暗管埋深对滴灌油葵农田水盐运移及产量的影响

Effects of buried depth of subsurface pipe on water and salt transport and oil sunflower yield under drip irrigation

为探究暗管排水对土壤盐渍化的改良效果,本文设计3个暗管埋深(0.6、1.0、1.4 m,分别记为H1、H2、H3),并以无暗管排水处理为对照(CK),以油葵为试验对象研究分析不同暗管埋深对2次滴灌淋洗过程中的水盐运移、土壤脱盐率、油葵生长指标、产量的影响。结果表明:不同暗管埋深处理在滴灌淋洗过程中0~80 cm土层土壤含水率随土层均呈现逐渐增大的趋势,80-200cm土层土壤含水率变化不一致;2次滴灌淋洗后各暗管处理土壤含盐量均有显著下降,H1、H2、H3处理土壤含盐量分别降低10.48、6.94、7.75 g/kg,不同暗管埋深下土壤脱盐率均有较大提升,H1处理0-200cm土层含盐量平均脱盐率最高,达43.29%,0~60 cm耕层土壤脱盐率达80.62%,耕层土壤由重度盐化土变为轻度盐化土;油葵株高和叶面积指数生长趋势呈现“S”型和“单峰”型,H1处理在整个生育期内均为最高,较CK处理收获前株高提高19.90%;H1处理产量最高,较CK提高35.41%,H2、H3处理间差异不显著(P>0.05)。综合来看,0.6m暗管埋深与滴灌淋洗相结合是治理西北干旱地区盐渍土的有效措施。

In order to explore the improvement of drainage of subsurface pipe on soil salinization,threeburial depths(0.6,1.0,1.4m,respectively denoted as H1,H2,H3)ofsubsurface pipeswere designedwith theoil sunflower as test object,and taking the non-pipe treatment as a control group(CK).The effects of different buried depths on water and salt transport,soil desalination rate,oil sunflower growth indexes,and yield were analyzedafter two times drip irrigation leaching.The results showed that:the soil moisture contents gradually increased with the soil layers(0~80 cm),andchanged inconsistentlyin the 80~200 cm soil layersduring the drip irrigation and leaching.After two times drip irrigation leaching,the soil salinity of subsurface pipe treatments decreased significantly,and the soil salinity of H1,H2,and H3 treatments decreased by 10.48,6.94,and 7.75 g/kg,respectively.The soil desalination rateswere all at high levels under different burial depthsofsubsurface pipes,andthe soil desalination rate of H1 treatment in the 0-200cm soil layer was the highest,reaching 43.29%,and the soil desalination rate in 0-60cm plough layer soil was 80.62%,the plough layer soil was changed from heavily salinized soil to lightly salinized soil.The growth trendsof plant height and leaf area ofoil sunflower showed“S”type and“single peak”type,respectively.Theplant height and leaf area ofH1treatment was the highest throughout the growth period,plant height was increased by 19.90%compared with CK treatment before harvest.The yield ofH1 treatment was the highest,increased by 35.41%compared with CK,the difference between H2 and H3 treatments was not significant(P>0.05).In conclusion,the combination of 0.6m buried depth and drip irrigation is an effective measure for salination control in the arid area of northwest China.