贵州省生态系统服务对极端降雨的时空响应

Spatial-temporal response of extreme rainfall on ecosystem services in Guizhou Province

气候变化是影响生态系统服务供给水平及相互关系的重要因素,厘清生态系统服务对极端降雨的响应特征及机理,对区域生态系统服务科学管理、应对极端气候具有重要的意义。以贵州省为例,基于气候、生态环境等数据,利用InVEST模型和Spearman相关分析法,研究了生态系统服务对极端降雨的时空响应。结果表明,极端降雨影响下,贵州省产水、土壤保持服务呈增加趋势,水质净化服务呈下降趋势。随着极端降雨增加,3种生态系统服务的变化幅度增大。产水与土壤保持服务变化的空间格局较为接近,而与水质净化服务变化的空间格局差异突出。降雨偏强影响下3种生态系统服务变化的空间格局与降雨强盛影响下的空间格局差异明显。贵州大部分地貌区产水与土壤保持之间为协同关系,产水与水质净化之间以及土壤保持与水质净化之间为权衡关系。

Climate change is an important factor affecting the supply level and relationship of ecosystem services.It is of great significance to clarify the spatial-temporal response characteristics of ecosystem services to extreme rainfall for the scientific management of regional ecosystem services and coping with extreme climate.Taking Guizhou Province as an example,the response of ecosystem services to extreme rainfall was analyzed by InVEST model and Spearman correlation analysis based on the climate and ecological environment data.The results showed that water yield and soil conservation in Guizhou Province showed an increasing trend,while water quality purification represented a decreasing trend under the influence of extreme rainfall.The change rate of the three ecosystem services increased with the increase of extreme rainfall.The spatial patterns of water yield and soil conservation were similar,but were different from the water purification service under the influence of extreme rainfall.Obvious differences could be found in spatial pattern of three ecosystem services changes between the effects of relative heavy and heavy rainfall.There was a synergistic relationship between water yield and soil conservation,a tradeoff relationship between water yield and water quality purification,and between soil conservation and water quality purification in the most landforms of Guizhou Province.