不同强筋冬小麦品种旗叶衰老及产量构成差异

Differences in flag leaf senescence and yield components of different strong gluten winter wheat varieties

[目的]本文旨在明确不同强筋小麦品种旗叶衰老及产量差异。[方法]于2018-2019年冬小麦季,在"十三五"国家粮食丰产增效科技创新专项河北辛集核心试验区,采用大田试验,以河北省主推的8个强筋小麦品种为供试材料,研究了不同品种小麦旗叶衰老特征、干物质积累和穗部发育特征,及各指标与产量相关性。[结果]不同品种强筋小麦SPAD和净光合速率及黄化速率差异主要体现在灌浆中后期(开花26 d以后),同时,不同品种旗叶叶基角、开张角、披垂度和叶面积均有较大差异;小麦籽粒最终重量受最大灌浆速率高低影响更为显著,而灌浆时长、高速灌浆期到来及结束早晚对粒重影响则相对较小,而且粒重与产量显著正相关(r=0.764);小麦全株干物质积累总量与产量显著相关,茎秆干物质积累占比较大的品种总体干物质积累相对较少,同时产量也相对较低,但相关性并不高;同时,8个供试品种中,全株干物质积累总量、以及叶片、叶鞘和穗的分配比例与产量也并无明显相关性。[结论]不同品种相比,藁优2018产量最高,藁优5766、石4366、冀麦738、石新952等几个品种产量其次;单位面积产量、净光合速率、SPAD含量和粒重有优势的品种类型聚为一类,可作为优势品种的选择依据。

[Objective]This study was aimed to clarify the differences in both senescence of flag leaf and yield of different strong gluten wheat varieties.[Methods]In the winter wheat growth season of 2018/2019,field trails were conducted in Xinji Core Experimental Zone of National Grain Yield and Efficiency-Scientific and Technological Innovation Special Project during the"13 thFive-Year Plan". Eight major crop varieties were selected as study materials. The senescence characteristics,dry matter accumulation rate and ear development characteristics of flag leaf,as well as the correlation between each index and yield of selected varieties were investigated.[Results]The results showed that the differences of SPAD,net photosynthetic rate and etiolation rate of different varieties of strong gluten wheat were mainly reflected in the middle and late stage of grain filling(26 days after anthesis),and there were significant differences in leaf base angle,opening angle,drape and leaf area of different varieties of flag leaf;the final grain weight was significantly affected by the maximum grain filling rate,while the length of grain filling,the starting and the end of high-speed grain filling period showed relatively small influence on the grain weight,but the grain weight was positively correlated with the yield(r=0. 764);the total dry matter accumulation of the whole plants was significantly correlated with the yield. The overall dry matter accumulation was relatively low in the varieties that the stalk dry matter accumulation accounted for a relatively larger amount of total dry matter accumulation,and the yield was relatively low too,but the correlation was not significant;Meanwhile,there was no significant correlation between the yield and the total dry matter accumulation of the whole plant and the distribution proportion of leaf,sheath and ear. [Conclusion]Compared with different varieties,Gaoyou 2018 has the highest yield,followed by Gaoyou 5766,shi4366,Jimai 738,Shixin 952 and other varieties;the varieties with advantages in yield per unit area,net photosynthetic rate,SPAD content and grain weight are grouped into one category,which can be used as the basis for selection of dominant varieties.