广州城市道路网的社会分异——基于轨迹大数据的出行分布性别差异

Research on social differentiation of urban road network in Guangzhou:Gender differences of travel distribution based on trajectory data

社会空间分异是人文地理学研究的重要议题,以往研究主要聚焦基于居住地和活动地的分异现象,缺乏对道路网社会空间分异的关注。本文以广州市中心区域为例,结合日常活动空间理论和空间分析方法,基于手机轨迹大数据,研究不同性别群体日常出行的城市道路网社会空间分异现象及其影响因素。结果显示:基于性别差异的城市道路网社会隔离指数高于居住地、低于就业地,在14:00—15:00时段达到峰值;不同性别群体在路网中的分布总体呈现不均衡的集聚特点,其中女性集聚程度更高;不同性别群体的出行分布和分异受到路网周边建成环境因素的影响;物流运输业就业密度的提高、小学数量的增多或道路等级的提高都会显著提高男性相对出行量,而社会服务业就业密度的提高、菜市场数量或公交站点数量的增多以及到市中心距离的减少都会显著提高女性相对出行量,这些与个体家庭和职业分工的性别差异有一定的关系。本文通过理论假设和实证分析,验证了家庭和职业的分工决策是影响道路网出行分布性别分异的深层次原因,也是解释社会空间分异的重要理论视角。研究结果有助于认识和挖掘基于城市道路网的社会分异现象及其影响机制,并为完善道路网络及周围设施的布局与建设提供借鉴。

Socio-spatial differentiation is an important topic in the human geography study.In the past,the research mainly focused on the phenomenon of differentiation in the living place and activity place,while less has paid attention to socio-spatial differentiation of the road network.In this paper,with Guangzhou central area as an example,based on mobile phone trajectory big data,the socio-spatial differentiation and influencing factors of daily travel of different gender groups in urban road network are studied based on daily activity space theory and spatial analysis methods.The results show that:The social dissimilarity index of urban road network based on gender differences is higher than that of residence and lower than that of working place,reaching the peak value during 14:00-15:00;the distribution of different gender groups in the road network is both generally of unbalanced and aggregated characteristics,and the travel distribution of women is more clustered;the built environment factor around the road network affects the travel distribution and differentiation of different gender groups;the increase of employment density of logistics and transportation industry,and the number of primary schools or the road hierarchy will significantly increase the relative travel volume of men,while the increase of employment density of social service industry,the number of food markets or bus stops,and the decrease of distance from the city center will significantly increase the relative travel volume of women,which is related to the gender difference of family and occupational division to some extent.Theoretical hypothesis and empirical analysis verified that the decision-making of family and occupational division are the underlying causes that affect gender differentiation of travel distribution in the road network,which is an important theoretical perspective to explain socio-spatial differentiation.The research results help to understand and explore the socio-spatial phenomenon based on urban road network and influencing mechanism,and provide reference for improving the layout and construction of road network and surrounding facilities.