油茶粕制备复合茶皂素清塘剂产品对鱼和虾毒杀效能的研究

Study on the toxic effect of the compound tea saponin clearing agent prepared from Camellia meal on fish and shrimp

茶皂素对虾蟹无毒性,可促进虾的脱壳和生长,并可自然分解或者通过微生物迅速降解。本文通过检验茶皂素复合清塘剂对常见鱼虾的毒杀效能,来验证茶皂素复合清塘剂是否是一种理想的环境友好型清塘剂。本文通过将茶皂素与鱼藤酮、三氯异氰脲酸和溴氰菊酯进行不同比例组合获得4种复合清塘剂,分别以1.0、1.5、2.0、3.5 mg·L^(-1)绝对浓度的4种复合清塘剂处理了鲫鱼、雄鱼和草鱼,用10.0、20.0、30.0、40.0 mg·L^(-1)绝对浓度的4种复合清塘剂处理了基围虾和中国对虾。结果显示:相同浓度的4种复合清塘剂对各试验用鱼的毒杀能力与试验时间成正比;当复合清塘剂的浓度在1.0~3.5 mg·L^(-1)时,各类鱼存活率依次是鲫鱼<草鱼<雄鱼,而对虾基本无毒杀作用;不同浓度的4种复合清塘剂对各试验用鱼的毒杀能力随着复合清塘剂浓度增大而增强;当复合清塘剂的浓度在1.0~3.5 mg·L^(-1)时,1.5 mg·L^(-1)复合清塘剂在36 h对各类鱼的毒杀效能最强;2.0mg·L^(-1)复合清塘剂在24 h对各类鱼的毒杀效能最强;3.5 mg·L^(-1)复合清塘剂在8 h对各类鱼的毒杀效能最强。本文所涉及的复合茶皂素清塘剂可作为虾蟹养殖中固有鱼类清理产品的优良选择。

Tea saponin is non-toxic to shrimps and crabs,also could promote the shelling and growth of shrimps.Moreover,saponin could national degradation or rapidly degraded by microorganisms.This study verified whether the tea saponin compound clearing agent is an ideal environment-friendly pond clearing agent by testing the toxic effect of the tea saponin compound clearing agent on common fishand shrimp.In this study,four compound clearing agents were obtained by combining tea saponin with rotenone,trichloroisocyanuric acid and deltamethrin in different ratios.The compound clearing agents were used to treat crucian carp,male fish and grass carpat absolute concentration of 1.0,1.5,2.0,3.5 mg·L^(-1).And the compound clearing agents at 10,20,3.0,and 40 mg·L^(-1) absolute concentration were used to treat prawns and Chinese prawns.The results showed that the poisoning ability of the 4 kinds of compound clearing agents at the same concentration to each fish was proportional to the trail time.When the concentration of the compound clearing agent was 1.0-3.5 mg·L^(-1),the survival rate of various fish was following by crucian carp<grass carp<male fish,while the prawns were bascially non-toxic.The toxic effect on the test fish was enhanced as the concentration of the compound clearing agent increases.When the concentration of the compound clearing agent was 1.0~3.5 mg·L^(-1),the 1.5 mg·L^(-1) compound clearing agent had the strongest toxic effect on all kinds of fish in 36 hours,the 2.0 mg·L^(-1) compound clearing agent had the strongest toxic effect on all kinds of fish at 24 hours,while the 3.5 mg·L^(-1) compound clearing agent has the strongest toxic effect on all kinds of fish in 8 hours.The compound tea saponin clearing agent involved in this article may be an excellent choice for cleaning up the inherent fish in shrimp and crab farming.