饲料中不同脂肪源对杂交鲟幼鱼生长性能、体成分、养分表观消化率、肝脏脂肪代谢酶活性和血清生化指标的影响

Effects of Different Lipid Sources in Diet on Growth Performance,Body Composition,Nutrient Apparent Digestibilities,Liver Lipid Metabolism Enzymes Activities and Serum Biochemical Parameters of Juvenile Hybrid Sturgeon

本试验旨在研究饲料中不同脂肪源对杂交鲟幼鱼生长性能、体成分、养分表观消化率、肝脏脂肪代谢酶活性和血清生化指标的影响。分别以鱼油、大豆油、亚麻油、菜籽油和棕榈油为脂肪源,配制5种等氮等能的试验饲料。挑选300尾初重(76.59±1.16)g的西伯利亚鲟×施氏鲟(Acipenser baerii♀×Acipenser schrenckii)杂交鲟幼鱼,随机分为5组,每组3个重复,每个重复20尾鱼。各组分别投喂5种不同脂肪源的试验饲料,养殖周期为8周。结果表明:1)大豆油组的增重率显著高于其他各组(P<0.05),大豆油组的特定生长率显著高于棕榈油组(P<0.05),大豆油组的摄食量和饲料系数显著低于棕榈油组(P<0.05)。2)鱼油组和大豆油组的干物质表观消化率显著高于菜籽油组和棕榈油组(P<0.05),大豆油组的粗脂肪表观消化率显著高于亚麻油组和菜籽油组(P<0.05)。3)亚麻油组的全鱼和肝脏粗脂肪含量显著高于其他各组(P<0.05),鱼油组的肌肉粗脂肪含量显著低于其他各组(P<0.05),亚麻油组的肝脏粗蛋白质含量显著低于其他各组(P<0.05)。4)大豆油组的全鱼多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)含量显著高于其他各组(P<0.05),鱼油组的全鱼二十碳五烯酸(EPA)和二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)含量显著高于其他各组(P<0.05)。5)鱼油组和大豆油组的肝脏脂肪酶活性显著高于其他各组(P<0.05),亚麻油组的肝脏脂蛋白脂酶活性显著高于棕榈油组(P<0.05)。6)大豆油组的血清总胆固醇含量显著低于亚麻油组、菜籽油组和棕榈油组(P<0.05),大豆油组的血清低密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量显著低于菜籽油组(P<0.05)。综上所述,饲料中添加大豆油作为脂肪源更有利于杂交鲟幼鱼的生长和健康。

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of different lipid sources in diet on growth performance,body composition,nutrient apparent digestibilities,liver lipid metabolism enzymes activities and serum biochemical parameters of juvenile hybrid sturgeon.Fish oil,soybean oil,linseed oil,rapeseed oil and palm oil were used as fat sources to prepare five kinds of isonitrogenous and isoenergetic experimental diets.A total of 300 juvenile hybrid sturgeon(Acipenser baerii♀×Acipenser schrenckii)with initial body weight of(76.59±1.16)g were randomly divided into 5 groups with 3 replicates per group and 20 fish per replicate.Fish in five groups were fed experimental diets with 5 different lipid sources,and the feeding period was 8 weeks.The results showed as follows:1)the weight gain rate of soybean oil group was significantly higher than that of other groups(P<0.05),the specific growth rate of soybean oil group was significantly higher than that of palm oil group(P<0.05),and the feed intake and feed conversion rate of soybean oil group were significantly lower than those of palm oil group(P<0.05).2)The dry matter apparent digestibility of fish oil group and soybean oil group was significantly higher than that of rapeseed oil group and palm oil group(P<0.05),and the crude lipid apparent digestibility of soybean oil group was significantly higher than that of linseed oil group and rapeseed oil group(P<0.05).3)The whole body and liver crude lipid content of linseed oil group was significantly higher than that of other groups(P<0.05),the muscle crude lipid content of fish oil group was significantly lower than that of other groups(P<0.05),and the liver crude protein content of linseed oil group was significantly lower than that of other groups(P<0.05).4)The whole body polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFA)content of soybean oil group was significantly higher than that of other groups(P<0.05),and the contents of eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA)and docosahexaenoic acid(DHA)in whole body of fish oil group were significantly higher than those of other groups(P<0.05).5)The liver lipase activity of fish oil group and soybean oil group was significantly higher than that of other groups(P<0.05),and the liver lipoprotein lipase activity of linseed oil group was significantly higher than that of palm oil group(P<0.05).6)The serum total cholesterol content of soybean oil group was significantly lower than that of linseed oil group,rapeseed oil group and palm oil group(P<0.05),and the serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol content of soybean oil group was significantly lower than that of rapeseed oil group(P<0.05).In summary,adding soybean oil as lipid source in diet is more beneficial to the growth and health of juvenile hybrid sturgeon.