文本、文体与权力:汉武帝“封三王策”析论

Text,Style and Power:Analysis of Emperor Wudi’s Conferment of Three Kings in the Han Dynasty

《史记·三王世家》所载汉武帝“封三王策”有稿本、定本之别,稿本句式长短不一,有些更近于口语,而定本的句式颇为整齐,且多模仿《尚书》的用词、用句和语气,更近《尚书》诰体。稿本很可能由汉武帝亲手撰制,再由其身边大臣修饰润色成定本。策封这一源于周代的制度,在武帝推行“推恩令”后,本无大张旗鼓举行的必要。封三王的象征意义大于实际意义。武帝及其臣子慎重其事地议论封其三子为王,并手撰“封三王策”草稿,再令官员修饰润色成典雅庄重、近似《尚书》诰体的定本,且举行庄重的策封典礼,是要以此方式彰显汉帝国文化之盛,从而体现武帝“外攘夷狄”“内褒有德”的功绩。

The Policy of Conferment of Three Kings including its manuscript and the final version was recorded in Historical Records·Hereditary Houses of the Three Kings.The sentence patterns of the manuscript varied in length,some of which were closer to spoken language,while the sentence patterns of the final version were quite neat and mostly imitated the words,sentences and tone of The Book of History(Shang Shu in Chinese Pinyin),which was closer to the style of The Book of History.The manuscript was most probably written by Emperor Wudi of the Han Dynasty and polished into its final version by his ministers.This conferment system originated from the Zhou Dynasty.After Emperor Wudi introduced the Imperial Order,i.e.Tui En Ling in Chinese Pinyin,there was no further need for it to be held on a large scale.The symbolic meaning of the Conferment of Three Kings was greater than its actual meaning.Emperor Wudi and his courtiers carefully discussed making his three sons kings and wrote the draft of the Policy of Conferment of Three Kings and then ordered his officials to modify and polish it into an elegant and solemn final version in resemblance to The Book of History and conducted a solemn ceremony.The ceremony was to exhibit the cultural prosperity of the Han Empire to highlight Emperor Wudi’s achievements of resisting barbarians from neighboring states and praising the virtuous among his subjects.