英汉壮中动结构的构句限制

Restrictions of Middle Constructions Formation in English,Chinese and Zhuang Language

文章从认知语言学角度探讨英语、汉语、壮语中动结构在构句时的限制并解释其成因。研究中动结构的主语、谓语动词和修饰语发现,中动结构的构句有限制:一是中动结构的主语优先选择序列为工具/处所/方式/时间>受事;二是完成类/活动类/完结类动词是中动结构谓语动词的充分条件,且中动结构的非事件性、口语性和恒时性对中动词具有限制;三是中动结构修饰语要求不指向施事、非自主,传递新信息。

From the perspective of cognitive linguistics,this paper probes into the restrictions and attempts to explain their motivations of middle constructions formation in English,Chinese and Zhuang language.The study on the subject,predicate and modifier of middle constructions has showed that the formation of middle constructions contains the following restrictions:Firstly,the subject hierarchy of middle constructions is instrument/location/manner/time>patient.Secondly,the sufficient conditions of predicate in middle construction are perfective verbs,and it is still restricted by non-eventiveness,oral-orientation and constant-time of middle constructions.Thirdly,The modifier of middle constructions requires the words be agent-free,non-volitional and conveying new information.