不同生长时间对美国皂荚壳皂苷的影响比较研究

Comparative Study on Properties of Gleditsia triacanthos L.Shell Saponins at Different Growth Time

采用无水乙醇从不同生长时间的美国皂荚壳中提取皂苷,系统研究了不同生长时间美国皂荚壳的组分、皂苷含量、皂苷上糖基组成和皂苷表面活性,结果表明:随着生长时间的延长,美国皂荚壳皂苷的含量逐渐增加,在开花后第25周皂苷的质量分数最大,为14.21%;高效液相色谱分析表明美国皂荚壳皂苷的糖链主要由葡萄糖、木糖、阿拉伯糖和鼠李糖组成,皂苷上的亲水性糖基含量随着生长时间延长呈现先降低后增加的趋势,开花后21周为最低值。红外光谱结果证实了提取和纯化美国皂荚壳皂苷均具有皂苷的基本红外特征峰。亲水性基团糖基的变化会影响美国皂荚壳皂苷的表面活性,美国皂荚壳皂苷的临界胶束浓度随生长时间延长先降低后增加,在21周时临界胶束浓度最低为0.07 g/L,此时表面张力为44.57 mN/m,21周采摘的美国皂荚壳皂苷的表面活性最好,最适合用于制作表面活性剂。

Saponins were extracted from Gleditsia triacanthos L.shell by using anhydrous ethanol.The component analysis,saponin yield,sugar content and composition on saponins and surface activity of saponins in G.triacanthos shell at different growth time were systematically studied.The results showed that the saponin yield increased with the growth time increasing.The maximum mass fraction of saponin reached 14.21%at 25 weeks after flowering.The HPLC method indicated that the sugar chains of G.triacanthos saponins were mainly composed of glucose,xylose,arabinose and rhamnose.The content of hydrophilic sugar groups on saponin decreased first and then increased with the growth time increasing,and reached the lowest at 21 weeks.The surface activity of saponins was affected by the content of hydrophilic sugar groups.Meanwhile,the critical micelle concentration of saponins in G.triacanthos shell also decreased first and then increased with the growth time increasing.The critical micelle concentration was the lowest(0.07 g/L)at 21 weeks,and the surface tension was 44.57 mN/m.G.triacanthos shell saponins performed the best surface activity at 21 weeks,which were the most suitable for the production of surfactants.The results of FT-IR spectra confirmed that the extracted and purified saponins from G.triacanthos shell had the basic characteristic peaks of saponins.