哺乳期母子联系对仔猪行为及生长性能的影响

Effects of sow-piglets interaction on piglet behavior and growth performance

为研究母子联系对仔猪哺乳期和断奶后行为及生长发育的影响,试验选取胎次、体况相近民猪与大白猪母猪为研究对象,根据哺乳期第1~5周内母子联系发生频次,通过快速聚类方法分别将民猪和大白猪分成高母子联系组(HI)和低母子联系组(LI),比较不同组别民猪、大白猪仔猪行为表现及生长性能差异。结果表明,民猪母子联系频次极显著高于大白猪(P<0.01);两品种HI组仔猪社会游戏行为表现极显著优于LI组(P<0.01);在哺乳期不同阶段,与LI组仔猪相比,两品种HI组仔猪游戏行为丰富度表现极显著优势(民猪,哺乳期D5、W2;大白猪,哺乳期D2、W3、W5,P<0.01);仔猪断奶混群后,两品种HI组仔猪顺从行为发生频次显著或极显著高于LI组(民猪,P<0.05;大白猪,P<0.01)。HI组仔猪群体性游戏仅在大白猪群体中有高于LI组表现(群体性运动游戏,P<0.05;群体性社会游戏,P<0.01)。与LI组仔猪相比,两品种HI组仔猪相对生长速率存在显著或极显著优势(大白猪,1~35 d,P<0.05;民猪,1~21 d,P<0.01)。此外,民猪HI组仔猪3 d内被压死亡率显著低于LI组(P<0.05),大白猪HI组仔猪断奶死亡率显著低于LI组(P<0.05)。综上,母猪与仔猪间母子联系强,哺乳期仔猪社会游戏行为表现较活跃,并倾向与同窝仔猪社会互动,群体内游戏行为丰富度较高,断奶后争斗行为较弱,有利于提高仔猪成活率和福利水平。

The effect of sow-piglets interaction on the behavior and growth performance of piglets,during lactation and after weaning were investigated,12 Min sows and nine Large White sows were introduced into the trial charactered as similar parity and body condition.Based on the frequency of sowpiglets interaction in 1-5 weeks of lactation,Min pigs and Large White pigs were divided into high sowpiglets interaction group(HI)and low sow-piglets interaction group(LI)through rapid clustering method.In this experiment,the behavior and growth performance of piglets between groups were compared.Major results of this experiment were as the followings.The frequency of sow-piglets interaction between Min pigs was extremely significantly higher than that of the Large White pigs(P<0.01).The social play behavior of piglets in HI group of the two breeds was extremely significantly better than that of LI group(P<0.01).In the different stages of the lactation period,compared with LI piglets,two breeds of piglets in HI group had extremely significantly advantage in the richness of play behavior(Min pig,lactation D5,W2,Large White pig,lactation D2,W3,W5,P<0.01).After the piglets were weaned and mixed,the frequency of submissive behavior of piglets of the two breeds in HI group was significantly or extremely significantly higher than that in LI group(Min pig,P<0.05,Large White pig,P<0.01).The group play of piglets in HI group was higher than that of LI group only in the Large White pig group(group sports play,P<0.05,group social play,P<0.01).Compared with the piglets of LI group,the relative growth rate of piglets of the two breeds in HI group had a significant or extremely significant advantage(Large White pig,1-35 d,P<0.05,Min pig,1-21 d,P<0.01).In addition,the death rate of Min piglets in HI group of was significantly lower than that of LI group within 3 days(P<0.05),and the weaning mortality rate of the Large White piglets in HI group was significantly lower than that of the LI group(P<0.05).In summary,piglets with a high level of sow-piglets interactions were more active in social play behavior during lactation,and tended to interact with the same litter piglets,at the same time,the group play was richer,and the post-weaning attack behavior was weaker.A high level of sowpiglets interaction was conducive to improve the survival rate and welfare of piglets.