激发脱贫内生动力的心理学分析和对策研究

Psychological Analysis and Strategies of Stimulating Endogenous Power of Poverty Alleviation

本研究通过对144户贫困户的深入走访,总结了脱贫内生动力不足的种种表现,对脱贫动力的内涵进行了阐述,从心理学视角剖析了贫困户缺乏脱贫内生动力的深层次原因:只有生存层次的需求得到很好的满足之后,属于高层次需求的内生动力才可能占主导地位来支配人们的行为;心理层面的需求不高,解决低层次需求之后可以进行引导和鼓励;将贫困归因于外部因素是导致内生动力不足、产生依赖心理的一个原因;心理失衡产生攀比现象。最后,本文从激发内生动力和如何规避攀比、依赖心理两个方面给出了对策和建议。

Through literature analysis and in-depth interviews with 144 low-income households,this study summarizes vari⁃ous manifestations of the insufficient endogenous motivation of poverty alleviationand expounds the connotation of the motiva⁃tion.It analyzes the reasons from perspective of psychology.Only after satisfying their survival needs,the endogenous moti⁃vation,which belongs to the high-level needs,may dominate their behaviors.Low psychological needs can be guided and encouraged after low level needs are satisfied.Attributing poverty to external factors is one of the reasons for dependence and the lack of endogenous motivation.Psychological unbalance causes unrealistic comparison.Finally,this studyoffers coun⁃termeasures and suggestions to stimulate endogenous motivation and avoid comparison and dependence.