从方志看清代福建学田

Looking at Fujian's School Field in Qing Dynasty from Local Chronicles

福建古代的学校教育起步较晚,但发展迅速,至清时达到顶峰。而福建学田的设置,也具备同样的特点,有一定的典型性。学田作为中国古代各级各类学校治下的田产,是其办学治学、养赡诸生的重要经费来源,尤其受到清朝官府和社会各阶层人士的关注。这一时期,福建学田来源广泛,除官府拨置外,以个人捐助为主。学田的管理经营,亦趋于精细化,并出现商品经济因素。学田的设置和发展,促进了福建地方教育的繁荣。现存地方文献资料中关于学田制度施行情况的记载,对我们进一步探究清代福建地区的土地制度,继而对福建古代社会经济有一个较为全面的认识,都具有重要的理论和现实价值。

School education in ancient Fujian started relatively late,but it developed rapidly and reached its peak in the Qing Dynasty.The setting of Fujian's school field also has the same characteristics and has certain typical characteristics.As a property under the rule of various schools at all levels in ancient China,school field was an important source of funds for running schools and supporting students,and was especially concerned by Qing officials and people from all walks of life.During this period,the sources of Fujian's academic fields were extensive,with the exception of government allocations and personal donations.The management and operation of school field also tends to be refined,and commodity economic factors appear.The establishment and development of school fields promoted the prosperity of local education in Fujian.The records about the implementation of the school field system in the existing local documents have important theoretical and practical value for us to further explore the land system of Fujian in the Qing Dynasty,and then have a more comprehensive understanding of the ancient society and economy of Fujian.