社会工作介入农村精准扶贫的机制、模式探索及优化反思

On Pushing Targeted Poverty Alleviation in Rural Areas with Social Work Practice:Reflection and Exploration on Optimizing Mechanisms and Modes

社会工作作为农村精准扶贫的重要补充力量,能够有效弥补政府在精准扶贫中的不足。社会工作通过信息整合、链接扶贫需求与扶贫供给、与多方主体共同合作的机制来助推农村精准扶贫工作。目前我国社会工作介入农村精准扶贫的具体模式主要有:“人民团体+社会组织”“互联网+社会组织+公益”“党建引领+统战聚力”等几种模式,每种模式在具体实践中都取得了较好的成效。但社会工作介入农村精准扶贫仍然存在社会工作专业人才紧缺,农村引不进、留不住,农村社会工作实践本土化程度低,缺乏科学规范的制度体系等问题。因此,要通过加强社会工作专业人才能力建设,营造适宜社会组织工作开展的政策大环境,做好吸引人才、留住人才相关工作,探索社会工作介入精准扶贫的本土化方法和途径等措施,来最大化地发挥社会工作在精准扶贫中的效用。

As an important supplementary power of targeted poverty alleviation in rural areas,social work can effectively make up for governmental work in the targeted poverty alleviation.Social work helps promote targeted poverty alleviation in rural areas through integrating information,linking demand and supply for poverty alleviation,and cooperating with multilateral entities.At present,the specific patterns of social work in targeted poverty alleviation in rural areas mainly include people community+social organization,internet+social organizations+public welfare,CPC leadership+the united front and cooperation,etc.,and all of them have achieved good results in practice.Yet,there are still some problems in social work in terms of targeted poverty alleviation in rural areas,such as a shortage of social work professionals in targeted poverty alleviation,difficulties in enrolling and retaining social work talents,poor practice in localizing social work in rural areas,and a lack of a scientific and standardized system,and so on.Therefore,measures should be taken to maximize the effectiveness of social work in targeted poverty alleviation by strengthening social work professionals'competence,creating favorable policy environment for social organization,attracting and retaining talents,and exploring localized methods and approaches for social work involved in targeted poverty alleviation.