我国古代葛的种植栽培及葛织品利用

Planting and Cultivation of Pueraria and Its Fabric Utilization in Ancient China

新石器时期葛已成为我国重要的纺织原料来源,《越绝书》明确记载了在春秋晚期葛被大规模种植、栽培,用于纺织的情况。《诗经》《周礼》《礼记》《仪礼》《尚书》等众多著作展示了先秦时期有关葛及其织品在日常生活中的利用及其文化上的深远影响。两汉之后,葛的利用每况愈下,多作食药两用,历朝农书少有收录。明代的《农政全书》和《二如亭群芳谱》在前人基础上对其进行系统性收录,保留了种葛、采葛等较为完整的农业经验以及练葛、织造等繁复机巧的科学纺织工艺。葛的植物特性不仅决定了葛种植栽培的内容,也深刻影响到对葛纺织价值的利用。了解葛的种植、栽培及葛织品的利用价值,有助于进一步认识中国早期的传统农业,并对现代农业有一定的借鉴意义。

During the Neolithic age,Pueraria became an important source of textile materials in China,and it is clearly recorded in Zhejiang Academic Journal that Pueraria was planted and cultivated for textile on large scale in the late Spring and Autumn Period.Many classics,such as The Book of Songs,The Rites of Zhou,TheBook of Rites,Etiquette and Ceremonial,The Book of History,etc.,described the use of Pueraria and its fabrics in daily life and its far-reaching cultural influence during the pre-Qin period.After the Han Dynasty,the use of Pueraria went from bad to worse,often for both food and medicine,which was rarely included in agricultural books in previous dynasties.On basis of predecessors,The Complete Book of Agriculture Administration and Er-Ru Pavilion Introduction to Plants of the Ming Dynasty systematically collected Pueraria,and retained relatively complete agricultural experiences such as planting and picking Pueraria,as well as complicated,ingenious and scientific textile process,such as extracting and weaving Pueraria.The planting characteristics of Pueraria not only determined the content of planting and cultivation,but also profoundly influenced the utilization of its textile value.To understand the cultivation and utilization value of Pueraria may be helpful for further probe into the early traditional agriculture in China and may provide certain reference for modern agriculture.