吉林省玉米带玉米与大豆不同间作模式对作物产量及水分利用率的影响

Effects of Different Corn and Soybean Intercropping Modes on Crop Yield and Water Use Efficiency in Jilin Corn Belt

为探讨玉米与大豆不同间作模式对作物产量、水分利用率及种间竞争等方面的影响。采用田间试验,设置4∶2(4垄玉米、2垄大豆),3∶2(3垄玉米、2垄大豆),2∶1(2垄玉米、1垄大豆)3种玉米与大豆间作模式,以及玉米单作、大豆单作共5个处理。经过1年试验,结果表明:相对于单作处理,间作系统中玉米在产量、土地当量比、水分利用率等方面均具有显著优势。间作处理的土地当量比(LER)均>1,其中4∶2模式土地当量比高于3∶2模式和2∶1模式。玉米与大豆间作系统中,玉米相对大豆的竞争力(A_(cs))均>0,表明玉米竞争力强于大豆,顺序为4∶2>2∶1>3∶2。在作物耗水等方面,间作玉米耗水量均高于单作,间作大豆耗水量均低于单作,间作玉米水分利用率均高于单作。间作模式能显著增加间作玉米的子粒产量,间作玉米产量比单作产量平均提高15.7%;间作大豆产量比单作产量降低20.3%,其中4∶2处理组在产量表现等方面最优。这说明,玉米与大豆间作具有明显的土地优势和产量优势,其中4∶2模式为最佳间作模式。

The paper mainly illuminated the effects of different corn and soybean intercropping modes on crop yield, water utilization rate and interspecies competition. Five intercropping treatments were designed, which were 4∶2(four rows of corn, two rows of soybean), 3∶2(three rows of corn, two rows of soybean), 2∶1(two rows of corn, one row of soybean), mono-cropping corn and mono-cropping soybean. Experimental results show that compared with mono-cropping, corn and soybean intercropping has significant advantages in yield, land equivalent ratio and water use efficiency of corn. The land equivalent ratio(LER) of intercropping system is greater than 1. The 4∶2 land equivalent ratio is above 3∶2, 2∶1. The competitiveness of corn with soybean is greater than 0. Their order is 4∶2>2∶1>3∶2. In terms of crop water consumption, water consumption and water use efficiency of intercropping corn during the whole growth period are higher than those of mono-cropping corn. Water consumption of intercropping soybean is lower than that of mono-cropping soybean, and water use efficiency of intercropping corn is higher than that of mono-cropping corn. Intercropping can significantly increase grain yield of corn. Compared with mono-cropping, intercropping corn yield is increased by an average of 15.7%, and intercropping soybean yield is decreased by 20.3%. Among them, 4∶2 treatment group is the best in terms of yield performance. The results show that corn and soybean intercropping has obvious land and yield advantages, and 4∶2 mode is the best.