2020年后农村相对贫困治理:对象界定与基本思路

Rural Relative Poverty Governance after Year 2020:Object Definition and Basic Ideas

【目的】界定治理对象、厘清治理思路是开展农村相对贫困治理的基本前提。【方法】基于文献分析,整理2020年后中国农村相对贫困的治理对象与基本思路。【结果】2020年后中国农村相对贫困治理对象的概念已由绝对性向相对性、标签化向概念化、多维度向特殊维度转变,而治理思路也逐渐从特惠型转向普惠型、阶段化转向常规化、重扶持转向重预防。【结论】基于治理对象的多维需求保障不充分、日常生计风险不确定、社会结构障碍不适应等具体表征,探索性地提出兼顾收入相对贫困与能力相对贫困双层标准的农村相对贫困治理对象界定方法,并引入"服务型"农村治理思路,以福利性服务高效保障特殊困难群体的基本福利问题,以基础性服务来防范系统性、区域性和群体性的发展能力受限问题,以防范性服务系统化解临时性风险冲击问题。

【Objective】Defining governance objects and clarifying governance ideas are the basic prerequisites for rural relative poverty governance.【Method】Based on the analysis of the literature,it sorts out the objects and basic ideas of the relative poverty governance in China’s rural areas after 2020.【Result】After 2020,the concept of relative poverty governance objects in China’s rural areas has changed from absolute to relativity,labeling to conceptualization,and multi-dimensional to special dimensions,and governance ideas have gradually shifted from preferential to inclusive,phased to conventional,and support to prevention.【Conclusion】Based on specific characteristics such as insufficient protection of the multi-dimensional needs of the governance objects,uncertain daily livelihood risks,and inadequacy of social structural obstacles,this paper explores the definition of rural relative poverty governance objects that takes into account the two-level criteria of relative income poverty and relative poverty.Finally,the service-oriented rural governance ideas are introduced,and welfare services are used to efficiently protect the basic welfare problems of groups in special difficulties,and basic services are used to prevent systemic,regional and group development capacity limitations,and preventive services are used to systematically resolve the problem of temporary risk shocks.