资源禀赋、技术认知与农户技术选择偏好——基于10省700份菇农的调查数据

Resource Endowment,Technology Cognition and Farmers’Technology Choice Preference:Based on Survey Data of 700 Mushroom Farmers in 10 Provinces

【目的】研究菇农的技术选择偏好及其影响因素,对进一步提高菇农的生产效率,促进食用菌产业的发展具有重要意义。【方法】基于10省(市)700份菇农的微观调查数据,从菇农家庭资源禀赋和技术认知的角度出发,系统分析了食用菌种植过程中,菇农的资本禀赋、人力资源禀赋和物质禀赋以及技术认知对菇农制棒出菇方式选择的影响。【结果】①71.43%的菇农采用自行制棒出菇的生产模式,可见自行制棒出菇仍是当下菇农主要的生产方式。但大规模菇农购买专业菌棒的比例更高。②农户家庭资源禀赋中的家庭年收入、受教育年限、专业技能以及交通条件均对菇农制棒出菇方式选择有显著的影响;技术认知中技术适用性和技术有效性对菇农专业制棒出菇方式选择有显著的正向影响。③不同规模农户制棒出菇方式选择偏好及影响因素均存在差异,不同规模菇农家庭资源禀赋和技术认知的差异是导致制棒出菇选择偏向差异的主要原因。【结论】加大对食用菌种植技术的支持与投入以及对菇农的教育技术培训,有助于提高菇农食用菌种植的专业化水平以及种植收益。

【Objective】Analyzing the preference of mushroom farmers’technology selection and its influencing factors is of great significance for further improving the productivity of mushroom farmers and promoting the development of edible mushroom industry.【Method】Based on the field survey data of 700 mushroom farmers in 10 provinces or municipalities,from the perspective of mushroom farmers’re-source endowment and technical cognition,this paper systematically analyze the impact of the capital endowment,human resource endowment and material endowment of mushroom farmers on their choice of mushroom farming methods.【Result】The results show that:①Given 71.43%of the mushroom farmers adopt the production mode of self-made sticks,the self-made stick are still the main mushrooms production method of the mushroom farmers.currently,however,the proportion of purchasing professional mushroom sticks in large-scale mushroom farmers is higher than those who adopt the self-made sticks.②The annual household income,education years,professional skills and traffic conditions have a statistically significant impact on the selection of mushroom farming methods;the technical applicability and technical effectiveness have a statistically significantly positive impact on the choice of professional mushroom sticks.③There are differences in the selection preferences and influencing factors of different scales of farmer households.The difference in resource endowment and technical cognition of mushroom farmer households.The difference in resource endowment and technical cognition of mushroom farmers in different scales is the main reason for the bias of mashroom farming methods’selection.【Conclusion】The findings suggest that increasing support and investment in edible mushroom planting technology and educational technology training for mushroom farmers helps to increase the professional level of edible mushroom cultivation and mushroom farmers’income.